Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the following commands with their primary function:
Match the following commands with their primary function:
mkdir = Create a directory cd = Change a directory pwd = Print working directory rmdir = Remove a directory
Match the following file operations with their corresponding commands:
Match the following file operations with their corresponding commands:
Copying files = cp Removing a file = rm Renaming a file = mv Viewing a file = cat
Match the following directory navigation concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following directory navigation concepts with their descriptions:
cd .. = Go to the parent directory cd - = Go to the previous directory cd /usr/share = Go to a specific directory cd = Go to the default directory
Match the following deletion commands with their specific use cases:
Match the following deletion commands with their specific use cases:
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Match the following options with their corresponding command purpose:
Match the following options with their corresponding command purpose:
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Match the following directory creation commands with their descriptions:
Match the following directory creation commands with their descriptions:
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Match the following file operation examples with their commands:
Match the following file operation examples with their commands:
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Match the following commands with their outcomes:
Match the following commands with their outcomes:
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Match the following command syntax with their descriptions:
Match the following command syntax with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Working with Files and Directories
- This module covers commands for interacting with files and directories via command-line mode.
- Upon completion, users should be able to copy, move/rename, create, remove files/directories, and use symbolic links.
Working with Directories
-
mkdir: Creates a directory. Can create multiple directories or a path of directories using the
-poption.- Examples:
-
mkdir single -
mkdir dir1 dir2 -
mkdir -p grandfather/father/son
-
- Examples:
-
rmdir: Removes a directory. The directory must be empty. Non-empty directories can be removed using
rm -rfor recursive deletion.- Examples:
-
rmdir directory -
rm -r directory
-
- Examples:
-
cd: Changes the current directory.
- Examples:
-
cd: Moves to the default directory -
cd ..: Moves to the parent directory -
cd -: Moves to the previous directory -
cd /usr/share: Changes to the/usr/sharedirectory
-
- Examples:
-
pwd: Prints the current working directory (full path name).
- Examples:
-
pwd: Shows the current directory -
cd /usr/share; pwd: Shows/usr/shareafter changing to that directory -
cd ..; pwd: Shows the parent directory after changing
-
- Examples:
Specific Directories
- ./: Represents the current directory.
- ../: Represents the parent directory.
- Specific directory names (e.g.,
/share/).
Working with Files
-
ls: Displays directory content. Flags like
-a,-l,-i,-Rallow more detailed view, including hidden files, long list, inode numbers & recursive view.- Example:
ls -l- for a long listing.
- Example:
-
cp: Copies files or directories from a source to a destination.
- The
-ioption prompts before overwriting existing files. - The
-foption forces overwriting existing files. - Examples:
-
cp file1 dir1: Copiesfile1to thedir1directory -
cp file1 file2: Creates a copy offile1with the namefile2 -
cp -r dir1 dir2: Recursively copiesdir1todir2
-
- The
-
rm: Removes a file or directory.
-
-i: Prompts before removing. -
-f: Forces removal without prompting. -
-r: Removes directories recursively. - Examples:
-
rm -i file1: Removesfile1 -
rm -rf dir1: Recursively removesdir1
-
-
-
mv: Renames or moves files/directories.
-
-i: Prompts before overwriting. -
-f: Forces overwriting without prompting. - Examples:
-
mv file1 file2: Renamesfile1tofile2 -
mv file1 dir1: Movesfile1todir1
-
-
- touch: Creates an empty file. Modifies the last access time if the file exists.
- cat: Displays the content of an ASCII file. Support CTL+C and CTL+S to break and resume on large file display.
- more: Displays a text file, one screen at a time. Allows using space to move to the next screen and return to move to the next line or use commands like / to search and q to quit.
- tail: Displays the last part of a file. Default is 10 lines. Includes -n option to specify number lines.
- head: Displays the first part of a file; similar to tail but displays the first few lines instead of the last few.
- wc: Counts lines, words, and characters in a file(s). Includes -l (lines), -w (words), -c (byte count), and -m (character count) options.
File System Structure
- The file system is hierarchical and organized.
- Rooted at "/".
- First-level directories exist under the root directory (e.g., /home, /bin).
- Subsequent levels contain folders and files.
- The filesystem structures and organization define the location of files, directories, etc. (e.g., path information).
Paths to Objects
-
Paths are sets of directories leading to a specific object.
-
Separated by
/. -
Absolute paths start with
/, specifying the full path to an object. - e.g./usr/share/doc/gnuplot. -
Relative paths start with a directory name, giving information about the relative location from the current directory to the object. - e.g.,
../../var/log/messages
Using Symbolic Links
- Symbolic links are shortcuts to files/directories in different file systems. They do not take up extra disk space.
-
ln -s source_file itslink: Creates a symbolic linkitslinkto the filesource_file.
Hard and Soft Links
- Hard links point to the same data on a storage device. Deleting the original leaves only secondary hard link in place.
- Soft links point to another filename that in turn points to the data. Deleting the original breaks the symbolic link.
- Links use a
lncommand to create the link.
List of Commands
- Command examples useful for administering file systems (log in, create/delete user, install app, update repository, etc.) are provided.
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Description
This quiz covers essential commands for working with files and directories in command-line mode. Participants will test their knowledge on operations like creating, removing, and navigating through directories and files. Gain confidence in managing your file system effectively.
