Questions and Answers
Inductive reasoning moves from the general to the specific.
False
Argument by example examines specific cases in order to identify an actual relationship or correlation between them.
False
A 'literal' analogy is a statement that makes comparisons between classes that are materially dissimilar from each other, but that are nonetheless suggestive of each other in some characteristic or manner.
True
Reasoning from causal correlation is an example of inductive reasoning.
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A deductive syllogism consists of three statements.
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In Toulmin's model of argument, a conclusion that a speaker wants an audience to reach as a result of a speech is which of the following?
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Consider the statement 'Students who complete all assignments are eligible for extra credit.' The clause 'who complete all assignments' is which of the following?
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A claim that indicates preference or judgment is a claim of _________.
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In Toulmin's model of argument, when the warrant is not obvious to the audience, a speaker should do which of the following?
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Arguing from overall theories to conclusions about specific cases might be described as which of the following?
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In Toulmin's model of argument, the grounds a speaker offers in support of a conclusion he or she wants the audience to reach is which of the following?
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In Toulmin's model of argument, the logical relationship between the grounds and the claim is represented as ________.
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'FLC should increase parking fees' is an example of what type of a claim?
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'Parking at FLC is restricted' is an example of what type of a claim?
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If the major premise is true and the minor premise is true, then which of the following is also true?
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Study Notes
Reasoning Types
- Inductive reasoning involves moving from specific observations to broader generalizations, not the other way around.
- Causal correlation supports inductive reasoning as it seeks to identify relationships based on observed outcomes.
Types of Arguments
- Argument by example relies on specific instances to establish a pattern or relationship, but is often misunderstood.
- Literal analogies compare materially dissimilar classes, highlighting shared characteristics, thereby assisting in argumentation.
Toulmin's Model of Argument
- A claim represents the conclusion a speaker seeks the audience to accept.
- The qualifier in an argument provides conditions under which the claim holds true.
- Evidence refers to the grounds or support offered for a claim within Toulmin's framework.
- When the warrant (the reasoning connecting evidence to the claim) isn't clear, it is essential to offer backing to solidify the argument.
Claims
- Claims of value express preferences or judgments about what is desired or unacceptable.
- A policy claim advocates for specific actions or changes in behaviors or systems.
- A factual claim presents information that can be verified or refuted.
Logical Relationships
- A deductive syllogism comprises three statements that establish a logical conclusion.
- In deductive reasoning, one moves from general theories to specific conclusions about cases; if both premises in such reasoning are true, the conclusion must be true as well.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 6 in Comm 311 with these flashcards. Each card focuses on important concepts such as inductive reasoning and argumentation techniques. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of key terms and definitions relevant to the chapter.
