COMD 307 Exam 1 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Differentiate communication, speech, and language.

Communication: the exchange of information, ideas, needs and desires between two or more individuals. Speech: verbal means of communicating. Language: a socially shared code representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols.

Differentiate metalinguistic, paralinguistic, nonlinguistic.

Metalinguistic: the ability to analyze and judge language as an entity separate from its content. Paralinguistic: using suprasegmentals like intonation and stress to signal attitude or emotion. Nonlinguistic: communication without language, such as gestures and facial expressions.

What are the properties of language? (Select all that apply)

Generative (correct)

Displacement (correct)

Rule-governed system (correct)

Social tool (correct)

Arbitrary (correct)

Reflexive (correct)

What is expressive and receptive language?

Expressive language: oral and written language. Receptive language: reading and listening. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the components of language: content, use, and form.

Content: semantics (rules governing meaning). Use: how language is used as a social tool (pragmatics). Form: syntax, morphology, phonology. Signup and view all the answers

Define and describe word knowledge.

It involves understanding word and symbol definitions, primarily verbal. Signup and view all the answers

Define world knowledge and semantics.

World knowledge: someone's autobiographical and experiential understanding of events. Semantics: the system of rules governing the meaning of words. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate a bound morpheme and a free morpheme.

Bound morpheme: grammatical markers that cannot function independently. Free morpheme: grammatical markers that can function independently and stand alone. Signup and view all the answers

What are pragmatic rules?

Selection of appropriate linguistic forms and use of language consistent with assumed norms, including direct/indirect and literal/nonliteral forms. Signup and view all the answers

Describe communicative competence.

Being an effective communicator involves conceiving, formulating, modulating, producing, and monitoring communication, while understanding the needs of the communication partner. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate dialect and accent.

Dialect: a subcategory of language with variations in rules. Accent: how words are pronounced with the same rules intact. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication, Speech, and Language

Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, needs, and desires among individuals.
Speech refers to the verbal means of communicating.
Language is a socially shared code that uses arbitrary symbols to represent concepts through rule-governed combinations.

Metalinguistic, Paralinguistic, Nonlinguistic

Metalinguistic skills involve analyzing and discussing language as an entity, enhancing literacy and communicative competence.
Paralinguistic cues include suprasegmentals like intonation, stress, and prosody to signal emotion or attitude.
Nonlinguistic communication encompasses gestures, body posture, and facial expressions, along with physical elements like proxemics.

Properties of Language

Language is arbitrary, serving as a social tool and follows a rule-governed system.
It is generative, reflexive, and enables displacement, allowing communication about things not presently in the environment.

Expressive and Receptive Language

Expressive language includes oral and written forms of communication.
Receptive language involves understanding through reading and listening.

Components of Language: Content, Use, and Form

Content pertains to semantics, governing word meanings and representing ideas.
Use relates to pragmatics, focusing on how language functions socially to achieve outcomes.
Form includes syntax (sentence structure), morphology (word organization), and phonology (rules of speech sounds).

Word Knowledge vs. World Knowledge

Word knowledge comprises definitions and verbal associations with symbols.
World knowledge is derived from personal experiences and events impacting understanding.
Semantics deals with the rules governing word meanings.

Bound Morpheme vs. Free Morpheme

Bound morphemes are grammatical markers that cannot stand alone.
Free morphemes can function independently and represent complete ideas.

Pragmatic Rules

Pragmatic rules govern the selection of appropriate language forms, like formal vs. informal speech.
Include adherence to indirect or literal expressions and the use of ritualized conversational forms.

Communicative Competence

Effective communication involves conceiving, modulating, producing, and monitoring messages.
Understanding communication partner needs is crucial (e.g., adapting language for children - "motherese").

Dialect vs. Accent

Dialects are subcategories of a language with distinct rules influenced by geography, socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, and context.
Accents refer to pronunciation differences, focusing on dimensions like accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility but maintaining the same rules of the language.

Utility of Theory

Theories aid in understanding language structure and application in communication, enhancing clarity in various contexts.

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Description

Prepare for your COMD 307 Exam with this study guide focused on Chapters 1 and 2. This quiz covers key concepts such as communication, speech, and language, ensuring you grasp the fundamental differences and roles of each. Test your understanding with practice questions to reinforce your learning.