COM 203: Chapter 10 - Rhetorical Perspective
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Rhetorical Perspective?

  • The historical context of the argument
  • The speaker's personal beliefs and experiences
  • The appeal to the audience's needs and interests (correct)
  • The use of complex vocabulary

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key tools of persuasion in rhetoric?

  • Mythos (correct)
  • Pathos
  • Logos
  • Ethos

What does 'logos' refer to in the context of rhetorical appeals?

  • Ethical appeal
  • Cultural appeal
  • Emotional appeal
  • Logical appeal (correct)

How does pathos function in persuasive communication?

<p>By appealing to the audience's emotions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ethos' primarily concern in rhetoric?

<p>The speaker's character and credibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Lyceum, an important school of rhetoric?

<p>Aristotle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Narrative Paradigm suggests that our lives are shaped by which of the following?

<p>Narrative events and stories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study of communication, what term describes a student or teacher of rhetoric?

<p>Rhetorician (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does narrative probability assess in a story?

<p>If the story is coherent and makes sense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which persuasion principle involves inducing compliance through rewards and punishments?

<p>Compliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a story that exhibits narrative fidelity?

<p>It aligns with the audience's values and experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of persuasion is best described as integrating an argument into one's cognitive system?

<p>Internalization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of credibility relies on the speaker's background knowledge relevant to the subject?

<p>Expertise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes trustworthiness in an argument?

<p>The perception that the speaker is honest and truthful (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identification as a persuasion principle primarily depends on which factor?

<p>The attractiveness of the source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to influence narrative fidelity?

<p>The attractiveness of the narrator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term dynamism refer to in the context of argumentation?

<p>A strong delivery that conveys the speaker's care about the topic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions helps to enhance credibility in an argument?

<p>Utilizing qualified sources that the audience respects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary way to lose credibility during an argument?

<p>Lying by omission and not addressing damaging facts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reluctant testimony?

<p>A statement made by sources that go against their interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of persuasion is viewed as unethical and often distracting?

<p>Employing emotional appeals exclusively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transitivity arguments are constructed based on which logical form?

<p>A = B AND B = C implies A = C. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method that can diminish an arguers’ ethos?

<p>Manipulating facts to misrepresent evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a sound way to maintain credibility while presenting an argument?

<p>Recognizing and addressing the potential weaknesses in the argument. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In reasoning by analogy, which type involves comparing objects of different classes?

<p>Figurative analogy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship expressed in a reciprocal argument?

<p>An 'if – then' connection between events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes reasoning by generalization?

<p>It asserts that what is true for some members applies to all members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn from a disjunctive syllogism?

<p>One option must be true. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies reasoning by example?

<p>Using personal experience from reality shows to generalize about all such shows. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of reasoning, what is a key feature of a figurative analogy?

<p>It draws parallels based on shared characteristics across different categories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates reasoning by analogy?

<p>Arguing that because a specific law worked in one area, it will work the same in another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the major premise in a disjunctive syllogism represent?

<p>A choice that requires rejection of one option. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a necessary condition in causal reasoning?

<p>It must be present for another condition to occur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates a sufficient condition?

<p>Flooding occurs when there is excessive rain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a causal argument?

<p>To claim that one event causes another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a coexistential argument function?

<p>It draws inferences about unseen conditions from observable signs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates dissociation arguments from other forms of reasoning?

<p>They assess the validity of opposing ideas separately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example best represents an argument from authority?

<p>A doctor declaring that vaccinations prevent disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example, 'Throwing gasoline on a fire will cause an explosion', what type of reasoning is being illustrated?

<p>Sufficient condition reasoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception does correlation often lead to?

<p>It implies a direct cause-and-effect relationship. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rhetorical Perspective

This approach views arguments as appeals to an audience, considering the circumstances and strategies used to influence them.

Logos

The logical dimension of an appeal, emphasizing reason and evidence.

Pathos

The emotional dimension of an appeal, aiming to evoke feelings and connect with the audience's values.

Ethos

The speaker's credibility, trustworthiness, and expertise, which influence the audience's perception.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Narrative Paradigm

This theory suggests that we understand the world through stories and narratives, which shape our beliefs and values.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aristotle

A prominent Greek philosopher, considered the father of rhetoric, who studied effective communication and persuasion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rhetorician

A person skilled in the art of rhetoric, a student or teacher of persuasive communication.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Persuasion in Rhetoric

The act of appealing to an audience's reason, emotions, and trust to influence their beliefs and actions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Narrative Probability

A test of how coherent a story is. It considers whether the story makes sense and follows logical connections between events, characters, and settings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Narrative Fidelity

A test of how well a story aligns with our values, experiences, and social reality. It asks if the story 'rings true' and resonates with what we believe to be true.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Compliance (Persuasion)

Using rewards and punishments to influence someone's beliefs or actions. This is often done by a figure in power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Identification (Persuasion)

Influence based on admiration or attraction to a source. People want to be like the source and adopt their beliefs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internalization (Persuasion)

Accepting an argument after considering it and integrating it into your own system of beliefs. This is the most long-lasting form of persuasion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expertise (Ethos)

Having knowledge and experience relevant to the argument or subject matter. This makes a speaker more believable and trustworthy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trustworthiness (Ethos)

The belief that a speaker is motivated to tell the truth. This makes an argument more persuasive because the audience feels they can depend on the speaker.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dynamism in Argumentation

A strong delivery style expressing that the arguer has practiced and cares about their argument, conveying a sense of conviction and commitment to the audience.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Establishing Credibility (Ethos)

Building trust and authority in the eyes of the audience through various means, such as demonstrating experience, using qualified sources, and presenting sound reasoning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Using Qualified Sources

Citing experts, research, or reputable organizations that support your arguments, strengthening your claim by relying on reliable information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reluctant Testimony

Using evidence from sources that contradict their own self-interest, adding weight to your argument by showcasing a genuine and unbiased perspective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lying by Commission

Willfully making false statements to the audience, intentionally misleading and damaging your credibility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lying by Omission

Withholding important facts or evidence that might weaken your argument, deliberately concealing information to create a false impression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Manipulation in Argumentation

The deliberate distortion or misrepresentation of facts and evidence to mislead and deceive the audience, compromising the integrity of the argument.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coercion in Argumentation

Using threats or force to compel someone to accept your viewpoint or act against their will, an unethical and ineffective approach to persuasion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incompatibilities

This type of argument presents two opposing choices, where you must pick one and reject the other. It's like a fork in the road, you can't choose both paths.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reciprocals

These arguments use an 'if-then' structure to establish a connection between two things. If one condition is met, the other will follow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Literal Analogy

This type of analogy compares two things from the same category, assuming that if one object has a certain feature, another object from the same category likely has it too.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Figurative Analogy

This analogy compares two things from different categories by suggesting that a relationship or quality in one thing is similar to a different relationship or quality in another.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reasoning by Generalization

This argument assumes that what is true for some members of a group will also be true for other members of the same group, or the entire group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reasoning by Example

Supporting a general idea or rule by providing a specific, real-world example that demonstrates the rule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reasoning by Analogy (Overall)

A form of argumentation that draws comparisons between two things (either from the same category or different ones) to make inferences about their unknown features.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Testing Effect

This principle suggests that actively retrieving information from memory improves your retention compared to simply re-reading or studying.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Necessary Condition

A condition that MUST be present for another condition or event to occur. It's a requirement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sufficient Condition

A circumstance that GUARANTEES an event or effect will happen when present. It's a sure thing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Causal Argument

An argument that claims one event or condition causes another. It focuses on cause-and-effect.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coexistential Argument

An argument that infers an unobserved condition based on an observed sign. It uses evidence to draw a conclusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Argument from Authority

An argument that relies on the statement of someone considered knowledgeable, as evidence. It accepts an expert's opinion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dissociation Argument

An argument that separates ideas and seeks a new evaluation of each. It re-frames a situation to emphasize something else.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Correlation vs. Causation

A correlation shows that two things happen together, but does NOT prove one causes the other. A causal link requires proving a direct relationship.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hierarchal Language

Using language to establish levels of importance and value, often prioritizing the real, permanent, or objective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

COM 203: Argument & Analysis

  • This course covers argument and analysis.

Chapter 10: The Rhetorical Perspective

  • Arguments are seen as appeals to an audience.

  • Consider the circumstances and strategies used to influence the audience.

  • Focuses on addressing recipient needs and interests to persuade.

  • Arguments should be relevant and persuasive.

  • The rhetorical perspective traces back to Aristotle (384-322 BCE).

  • Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who wrote about communication.

  • Aristotle was a student of Plato.

  • Aristotle founded the Lyceum, a famous school of rhetoric.

  • Rhetoric is the Greek name for the study of communication.

  • Rhetoric focuses on effective persuasion.

  • A rhetorician is a student or teacher of rhetoric.

  • Persuasion of audiences can be achieved using three tools.

    • Logos: logical dimension of appeal ("Word")
    • Pathos: emotional dimension of appeal ("Suffering" or "Sensation")
    • Ethos: speaker's credibility ("Character")

Chapter 10: Persuading Your Audience (Pathos)

  • The Narrative Paradigm suggests we experience life through narratives (stories/ events).

  • Stories shape our understanding of the world, beliefs, and values.

  • Stories teach about history, ethics, and cultural/personal codes.

  • Types of historical narratives used for pathos.

    • Historical narratives
    • Myths/legends/parables
    • Anecdotes

  • Narratives are assessed via:

    • Narrative Probability: Does the story make sense?
    • Narrative Fidelity: Does the story match our values, experiences and reality?

Chapter 10: Persuasion Principles

  • Compelling audience agreement is possible via three ways.

    • Compliance: Using rewards/punishments from a powerful source (independent of argument).
    • Identification: Attractive source, enhances self-concept.
    • Internalization: integrating the argument into one's cognitive system (persists despite losing the source).

  • Credibility (Ethos)

    • Expertise: Knowledge/information relevant to the argument.
    • Trustworthiness: Motivated to tell the truth.
    • Dynamism: Strong delivery, impression that the arguer cares.

Chapter 10: Enhancing Credibility

  • Show audience experience (yours/sources).
  • Use qualified sources.
  • Use sources your recipients respect.
  • Use sound reasoning.
  • Demonstrate fairness.
  • Use reluctant testimony (source against vested interest).
  • Avoid inconsistency.

Chapter 10: Ways to Lose Credibility

  • Lying.
    • Lying by commission: making untrue statements.
    • Lying by omission: not acknowledging damaging facts.
  • Manipulation: Deliberate misrepresentation of facts/evidence.
  • Coercion: Use of force/threats to do something against one's will.

Chapter 10: Caveats

  • Using only emotional appeals is generally distracting and unethical

Chapter 6: Reasoning Categories (Logos Revisited)

  • Reasoning via quasilogical arguments.
  • Quasilogical arguments relate two or three elements to indicate a connection, similar to syllogisms.
  • Similar to hypothetical/categorical syllogisms.

Chapter 6: Other Types of Reasoning

  • Transivity arguments
  • Incompatibilities
  • Reciprocities
  • Reasoning by analogy: literal or figurative comparison of objects.
  • Reasoning by generalization / example: generalizing from a concrete example

Chapter 6: Reasoning by Cause

  • Causal Arguments: claim that that one condition/event contributes to or brings about another condition/event.

  • Necessary condition: One must be present for the other to occur.

  • Sufficient condition: Presence guarantees the event.

Chapter 6: Reasoning via Coexistential Arguments

  • Reason from an observed sign or condition to an unobserved feature.

Chapter 6: Argument from Authority

  • An argument that reasons that a statement by a knowledgeable person can serve as sufficient evidence.

Chapter 6: Dissociation

  • Disengages one idea from another, seeking new evaluation of both.
  • Values the real over subjective, and permanent over temporary.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

COM 203 Argument & Analysis - F24 PDF

Description

Explore the rhetorical perspective in argumentation as covered in Chapter 10 of COM 203. This chapter delves into how appeals are crafted for audiences through logos, pathos, and ethos, while tracing the roots of rhetoric back to Aristotle. Understand the importance of audience needs in effective persuasion.

More Like This

Mastering Rhetorical Analysis
10 questions

Rhetorical Analysis Quiz: Master Critical Thinking

AffordableCarnelian avatar
AffordableCarnelian
Rhetorical Techniques in Communication
30 questions

Rhetorical Techniques in Communication

AccomplishedBixbite avatar
AccomplishedBixbite
Rhetorical Analysis Quiz
13 questions

Rhetorical Analysis Quiz with Flashcards

FlatterObsidian5568 avatar
FlatterObsidian5568
Unit 3 Rhetorical Analysis
24 questions

Unit 3 Rhetorical Analysis

UndisputableFourier9584 avatar
UndisputableFourier9584
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser