40 Questions
What is the correct order of metabolism for bowel elimination?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, and defecation
At what age does the ability to control defecation usually occur?
2 to 3 years of age
What effect does aging have on muscle tone in the perineal floor and anal sphincter?
It weakens
How does regular daily food intake affect bowel elimination?
Helps maintain a regular pattern of peristalsis in the colon
What is the role of fiber in the diet in relation to bowel elimination?
Provides the bulk in the fecal material
What environmental factors can affect a patient's comfort level and willingness to discuss problems associated with bowel elimination?
Noise, interruptions, and lack of privacy
Which diagnostic examination uses a lighted fiberoptic tube to gain direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Gastroscopy
What is the purpose of endoscopy examinations such as gastroscopy or colonoscopy?
To gain direct visualization of the upper or large intestine
What assessment activity should be performed to understand a patient's bowel elimination patterns?
Ask patient about recent food and fluid intake
Which symptom is NOT reported in the assessment findings related to constipation?
Frequent bowel movements
What effect can emotional stress have on the digestive process?
Increased peristalsis and diarrhea
How does pregnancy contribute to the development of constipation?
Pressure on the rectum from the growing fetus and slowing of peristalsis
How does reduced fluid and fiber intake affect stool contents?
It causes constipation by hardening stool contents
What is the impact of weakened abdominal and pelvic floor muscles on bowel function?
Impaired ability to control external sphincter
How does physical activity influence peristalsis?
It promotes peristalsis, while immobilization slows it
What is the effect of inhaled anesthetic agents on intestinal musculature?
Slow or stop peristaltic waves
Why is a patient who receives local or regional anesthesia less at risk for elimination alterations?
It affects bowel activity minimally or not at all
What is the effect of opioid analgesics on peristalsis and contractions?
Slow peristalsis and contractions
When is an osmotic laxative used if fiber laxatives do not relieve constipation?
After using a bulk-forming laxative
What is a common cause of constipation according to the text?
Chronic bowel diseases
What is the primary reason for administering an enema?
To initiate the defecation reflex by stimulating peristalsis
Which solution is contraindicated for patients who are dehydrated and in young infants?
Low-volume hypertonic saline
What is the safest solution to use for administering enemas?
Normal saline
What is the primary purpose of cleansing enemas?
To promote defecation by stimulating peristalsis
Which population group has one of the highest risks of colorectal cancer, according to the text?
Jews of Eastern European descent (Ashkenazi Jews)
What type of examination requires the patient to swallow a capsule containing radiopaque markers?
CT colonography
Which examination may require the patient to refrain from medications that affect bowel function for 5 days?
Virtual colonoscopy
Which examination uses high-frequency sound waves to create a picture of the gastrointestinal tract?
Ultrasound imaging
What is necessary before a colonoscopy can be performed successfully?
Bowel preparation
Which examination involves using an opaque contrast medium (barium) to examine the structure and motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract?
Barium swallow/enema
What is the primary purpose of a soapsuds enema?
To create the effect of intestinal irritation to stimulate peristalsis
When should soapsuds enemas be used with caution?
In pregnant women and older adults
What is the purpose of an oil-retention enema?
To lubricate the feces in the rectum and colon
What is the function of carminative enemas?
To provide relief from gaseous distention
When should soapsuds enemas be avoided?
In patients with dangerously high serum potassium levels
What is the purpose of medicated enemas?
To reduce bacteria in the colon
Why is sterile technique unnecessary when administering enemas?
Because the colon normally contains bacteria
What is the purpose of high enemas?
To cleanse more of the colon
What does the oil retention enema do to facilitate passing of feces?
It lubricates the feces to make them easier to pass
Why should soapsuds enemas be used with caution in pregnant women and older adults?
They could cause electrolyte imbalance or damage to the intestinal mucosa.
Take this quiz to test your knowledge of the risk factors for colorectal cancer. Learn about age, personal history, family history, and racial and ethnic background as factors that may influence colorectal cancer risk.
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