Colonialism in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar
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Questions and Answers

What role did the colonial government of India play in the establishment of schools?

  • It founded secular schools and supported foreign Christian missions financially. (correct)
  • It abolished all existing schools and enforced a military regime in educational institutions.
  • It solely set up government-run schools without any aid to private education.
  • It provided training only for British and Indian teachers in existing local languages.

What was one reason parents were compelled to send their children to mission schools?

  • The government required all students to attend mission schools.
  • There were no realistic alternatives for education available. (correct)
  • Mission schools provided better education than local tradition schools.
  • Mission schools offered free tuition and were widely popular.

What was Saya San's role in the rebellion against British colonial rule?

  • He was a missionary who supported the British government against the rebels.
  • He was a British general commanding colonial troops during the conflict.
  • He led the Burmese peasants in a rebellion and proclaimed himself king. (correct)
  • He was a prominent educator advocating for British-style education.

How did teachers in the government schools differ from those in mission schools?

<p>Government school teachers were often civil servants lacking dedication to the older traditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the struggle by 1890 involving British and Indian troops?

<p>The military struggle had concluded, leading to the establishment of a peaceful regime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main justifications the French used for their invasion of Southeast Asia?

<p>To spread and introduce modern political ideologies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the French use to weaken opposition among the native Vietnamese people?

<p>Creating deceitful stories that incited hatred (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rebellion was led by Phan Dinh Pung against French colonial forces?

<p>The 1885 rebellion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct outcome of the Treaty of Protection signed by King Norodom Sihanouk?

<p>France gained control over Cambodia's foreign policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characterized the governance style of the French in Vietnam?

<p>Puppet control of the Nguyen Dynasty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method did the French utilize to achieve their economic goals in Vietnam?

<p>Abusive exploitation of natural resources and labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the driving forces behind French colonial policy in Cambodia?

<p>To prevent Siamese and British expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of the administration put in place by the French in Indochina?

<p>Deployment of French governors accompanied by local officials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main role of the resident superior in French Cambodia?

<p>To implement French colonial laws and governance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of British colonialism in Myanmar?

<p>The exile of Thibaw, the last Burmese king (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the dual system of government established by the French in Cambodia?

<p>It comprised a symbolic royal zone and a directly ruled colonial zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sparked a nationalistic response against French colonialism in Cambodia?

<p>The exploitation of natural resources and forced cultural assimilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the revolts against the French in Cambodia ultimately fail?

<p>Disunity and lack of centralized government among the Cambodians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one method the British used in their colonial strategy in Myanmar?

<p>Implementing a strategic hamlet plan against guerillas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key pillars of the society that was affected by British colonialism in Myanmar?

<p>Monarchy and the sangha (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the first revolutionary movement against the French in Cambodia?

<p>Son Ngoc Thanh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

British Leadership in Burmese Villages

The British appointed strangers loyal to them as leaders for the newly established villages, leading to tension with the local population.

Guerrilla Resistance in Burma

Burmese guerrillas actively resisted colonial rule by engaging in violent acts targeting the new village officials.

Colonial Education Strategy in Burma

The British government established schools to teach English and Burmese languages, promoting their cultural influence.

Missionary Influence in Burmese Education

The British encouraged missionary schools by providing financial aid, leading to a spread of Christian education and criticism of Buddhism.

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Saya San's Rebellion

Saya San, a Burmese leader, led a rebellion against British rule with the goal of uniting the Burmese people, ultimately leading him to be captured and executed.

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Divide and Rule in Vietnam

The French used this strategy to divide and weaken Vietnamese opposition, spreading stories that created hatred among different groups.

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Civilizing Mission

This policy aimed to spread European culture, politics, and modern technologies, but it was often used to justify exploitation.

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Guerilla Warfare

A type of warfare that involved small groups of fighters attacking enemy positions from hidden locations.

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Cochinchina Campaign

This campaign involved the Nguyen Dynasty fighting the French in the 1860s and 1870s, representing a major resistance effort against French control.

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French Protectorate of Cambodia

The French established this protectorate in 1863 by convincing King Norodom Sihanouk to sign a treaty, effectively giving France control over Cambodia's foreign policy.

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French Justification for Colonialism

The French claimed to be bringing civilization to Asia and Africa while actually exploiting resources and people.

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French Colonial Exploitation

The French used this to exploit natural resources and labor in Vietnam, aiming to maximize profit.

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Colonial Government in Vietnam

The French established this to govern Vietnam, leading to corruption and violence against the Vietnamese people.

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Dual System of Government in Cambodia

The French established a dual system of government in Cambodia, dividing power between the symbolic authority of the king and the direct rule of the French colonial administration.

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French Centralization of Cambodian Government

The French centralized the Cambodian government, appointing French officials to key positions, despite claiming to have a dual system of government.

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Son Ngoc Thanh's Revolutionary Movement

Son Ngoc Thanh led the first significant resistance movement against French rule in Cambodia, highlighting a growing sense of nationalism.

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Buddhist Clergy's Shift in Support

Buddhist clergymen, initially siding with the French, later joined the resistance due to French exploitation of resources and cultural interference.

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British Annexation of Burma

The British annexation of Burma in 1886 marked the end of Burmese monarchy and significantly impacted the traditional role of the sangha (Buddhist monkhood).

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Strategic Hamlet Policy in Burma

The British policy of 'strategic hamlets' involved burning villages and displacing families to counter Burmese resistance, creating widespread suffering.

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British Control over Religious Affairs in Burma

The British detached the government from religious affairs, undermining the traditional status and influence of the sangha in Burmese society.

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Exile of Thibaw

The last Burmese king, Thibaw, was exiled after the British conquest, symbolizing the complete loss of Burmese sovereignty.

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Study Notes

Colonialism in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar

  • French Indochina: Established in 1887 after successful attacks on trading ports and capital cities.
  • Justification: French invasion presented as a "civilizing mission," similar to the British approach, aiming to spread modern political and social reforms.
  • Colonial Policies: Focused on profit from production, exploitation of natural resources, and Vietnamese labor.
  • Government: Established representative colonial government in Vietnam. French officials controlled the Nguyen dynasty, acting as puppet rulers and instituting a "divide and rule" policy to suppress opposition.
  • Vietnamese Resistance: Local officials, despite the colonial government, resisted the French. Guerrilla warfare and large battles, like the one led by Phan Dinh Pung, emerged in response to the French. The Nguyen Dynasty also resisted through the Cochinchina Campaign (1860s and 1870s).

French Colonial Policies in Cambodia

  • Treaty of Protection (1863): Cambodia became a French protectorate, giving the French control over foreign policies. The goal was to prevent expansion from Siamese and British powers.
  • King Norodom Sihanouk: Initially signed the treaty, but as he weakened, the French took control. Use of French military to quell local rebellions, safeguarding the kingdom from external threats, was noted.
  • Siamsoth: Became king after Norodom weakened and allied with the French.
  • Resource Exploitation: Large-scale rubber plantation development was initiated by the French.
  • Dual Government System: A dual system of government existed, with French control over most aspects, while a symbolic royal authority remained, leading eventually to the centralization of French power.

French Colonial Policies in Myanmar

  • Burmese Colony: Became a British colony on January 1, 1886, following the Anglo-Burmese War.
  • End of Monarchy and Sangha: The demise of the Burmese monarchy and the status of the sangha (monks) was a significant loss to Burmese society. The last Burmese king, Thibaw, was exiled.
  • Colonial Government: The British established a colonial government in Burma, detaching it from religious affairs.
  • Strategic Hamlets: A plan to fight guerrilla resistance. Villages were burned and families removed. Strategic hamlets were set up and controlled by loyal figures.
  • Educational System: The British established schools teaching both English and Burmese, though the focus was often in opposition to local religions and traditions. Missionaries became prominent teachers.
  • Resistance: Peasants under Saya San led a resistance from 1930 to 1931, armed with basic weapons, against the British.

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8.1 Colonialism in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar PDF

Description

Explore the impact of French colonialism in Southeast Asia, focusing on Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar. This quiz examines the establishment of French Indochina, the justification for colonialism, and the response of local populations. Test your knowledge on key events, policies, and resistance throughout this critical historical period.

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