Colonialism and Cultural Identity in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What is the Latin origin of the word 'art'?

  • Skillful production (correct)
  • Fine arts
  • Art appreciation
  • Human creativity

    • Which type of art is associated with architects, sculptors, and painters?

  • Visual art
  • Liberal art (correct)
  • Craftsmanship
  • Servile art

    • Who would be considered an artisan according to the text?

  • Painter
  • Architect
  • Sculptor
  • Stone cutter (correct)

    • Which discipline involves human events happening in the world?

    <p>History</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study of language cover according to the text?

    <p>Oral forms of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of learning deals with natural, physical phenomena?

    <p>The Sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who believed that 'Man is the measure of all things' during Ancient times?

    <p>Thales of Miletus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Renaissance, what view was predominant?

    <p>Anthropocentric View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who said, 'Man is created in the image of God' during Medieval times?

    <p>Augustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which era was the view that 'Man is a part of nature' predominant?

    <p>Modern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who said, 'Know thyself' and was a significant thinker in the Humanities?

    <p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis in the Communal Character of Philippine Tradition Cultures as reflected in the Arts?

    <p>Flexibility of material and formal requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the arts integrated with everyday life according to the text?

    <p>Through unity with other values and functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Becoming Filipino Through the Arts, what do arts provide vivid images of?

    <p>Social relations and cultural values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does contemplating the arts resemble according to the text?

    <p>Reflecting on the psychic template of an artist or a cultural community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as more important in the arts based on the provided text?

    <p>Simultaneity of conception and realization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the Father of Philippine Painting?

    <p>Damian Domingo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist was thought to be of noble Spanish descent by the Spaniards?

    <p>Damian Domingo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What style did Damian Domingo use to paint albums of people in their daily costumes?

    <p>Miniaturismo style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What establishment did Damian Domingo found in 1821 that aimed to make art more accessible to Filipinos?

    <p>Escuela Dibujo y Pintura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual was a professor and director of the Philippine Art Academy?

    <p>Damian Domingo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who had a Bachelor of Arts Degree from Ateneo Municipal de Manila?

    <p>Juan Luna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first objective of the colonizing power according to the text?

    <p>To erase the cultural memory of the conquered people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the Westernization of Filipino culture take place?

    <p>Colonial Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome is associated with alienation from one's race in the text?

    <p>The Doña Victorina Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of alienation caused by Westernization of Filipino culture according to the text?

    <p>Alienation from Western culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommendations mentioned for developing a Filipino and humanistic perspective?

    <p>Heightening social consciousness and sense of responsibility to the nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the text suggest promoting 'people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity'?

    <p>To enhance national identity development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Art and Humanities: Western and Filipino Concepts

    • Two general fields of learning: Sciences (natural, physical phenomena) and Humanities (human phenomena)
    • Thinkers whose thoughts were the basis of method in Humanities:
      • Socrates (469-399 BC): "Know thyself"
      • Augustine (354-430 AD): "Withdraw into yourself, truth dwells in the inner man"
      • Thales of Miletus (620-546 BC): "A scientist tends to know everything about the world that he forgets to know anything about himself"
      • Confucius (555-479 BC): "The Great Sage" Wise Man

    The Place of Humanities in the History of Western Civilization

    • Ancient (800 BC): Cosmocentric View, Protagoras: "Man is the measure of all things", Geocentrism: Man is at the center of the universe
    • Medieval (300 AD): Theocentric View, Scholasticism: Man is created in the image of God, Man is at the center of creation
    • Renaissance (1400): Anthropocentric View, Humanism: Nothing is more wonderful than man
    • Modern (1600): Scientific-Technocentric View, Man is a part of nature
    • Postmodern (1960): Eclectic View, Man is a piece of everything

    Humanistic Discipline

    • History: Human events happening in the world
    • Language: Written and oral forms of human communication
    • Philosophy: Human reason concerning reality
    • Art: Admiration (Art Appreciation) of human-made objects and the human creativity (Art creation) by which these objects are made

    Art

    • Comes from the Latin word "ars", means skillful production or performance
    • Two types of art: liberal art (associated with Fine Arts) and servile art (associated with crafts)
    • Filipino derivativeness and inferiority complex vis-à-vis West due to colonization

    Colonial Period (1500-1950)

    • Our identity destroyed by colonizers: Westernization of Filipino Culture making us alienated from our own
    • Forms of Alienation Caused by Westernization of Filipino Culture:
      • Alienation from community
      • Alienation from our source of cultural energy
      • Alienation from our race
      • Alienation from the Indigenous
      • Alienation from the land
      • Alienation from being Filipino
      • Alienation from sustainable living

    Developing a Filipino and Humanistic Perspective

    • Heightening social consciousness and sense of responsibility to the nation
    • Promoting people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity
    • Promoting the local but thinking national or global
    • Integrating the arts to social and cultural phenomena as lucid mirrors of social consciousness

    The Communal Character of Philippine Tradition Cultures as Reflected in the Arts

    • Integration of the arts with other values and functions
    • Unity of the arts
    • Arts integrated with everyday life and not regarded as a separate activity
    • Equality of opportunity for participation in the artistic and creative process
    • Flexibility of material, technical, and formal requirements
    • Use of available resources of artistic creation
    • Emphasis on the creative process rather than the finished product
    • Simultaneity of conception and realization

    Becoming Filipino Through the Arts: The Process of Pagpapakatao

    • The arts can provide us the most vivid images of social relations and cultural values
    • Contemplating the arts is like reflecting on the psychic template of an artist or a cultural community

    Western Concept of Art vs. Filipino Concept of Art

    • Western Concept: Only schooled people are artists, elitist, meant for the higher social class, hierarchical, high and low art, major art and craft, fine and practical art, folk, indigenous
    • Filipino Concept: No such Western distinctions, art is for everyone

    Damian Domingo and Juan Luna

    • Damian Domingo:
      • Father of Philippine Painting
      • Founded the first Art School in the Philippines, Escuela Dibujo y Pintura in Tondo, Manila in 1821
    • Juan Luna:
      • Academic Westernized Filipino Painting
      • Bachelor of Arts Degree, Ateneo Municipal de Manila

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    Description

    Explore the impact of colonialism on Filipino cultural identity, from the destruction of pre-colonial identity to the alienation caused by Westernization. Understand the roots of the derivativeness and inferiority complex vis-à-vis the West.

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