Questions and Answers
What is the Latin origin of the word 'art'?
Which type of art is associated with architects, sculptors, and painters?
Who would be considered an artisan according to the text?
Which discipline involves human events happening in the world?
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What does the study of language cover according to the text?
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Which field of learning deals with natural, physical phenomena?
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Who believed that 'Man is the measure of all things' during Ancient times?
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During the Renaissance, what view was predominant?
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Who said, 'Man is created in the image of God' during Medieval times?
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In which era was the view that 'Man is a part of nature' predominant?
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Who said, 'Know thyself' and was a significant thinker in the Humanities?
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What is the emphasis in the Communal Character of Philippine Tradition Cultures as reflected in the Arts?
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How are the arts integrated with everyday life according to the text?
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In the context of Becoming Filipino Through the Arts, what do arts provide vivid images of?
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What does contemplating the arts resemble according to the text?
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What is highlighted as more important in the arts based on the provided text?
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Who is considered the Father of Philippine Painting?
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Which artist was thought to be of noble Spanish descent by the Spaniards?
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What style did Damian Domingo use to paint albums of people in their daily costumes?
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What establishment did Damian Domingo found in 1821 that aimed to make art more accessible to Filipinos?
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Which individual was a professor and director of the Philippine Art Academy?
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Who had a Bachelor of Arts Degree from Ateneo Municipal de Manila?
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What was the first objective of the colonizing power according to the text?
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During which period did the Westernization of Filipino culture take place?
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What syndrome is associated with alienation from one's race in the text?
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Which of the following is NOT a form of alienation caused by Westernization of Filipino culture according to the text?
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What is one of the recommendations mentioned for developing a Filipino and humanistic perspective?
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Why did the text suggest promoting 'people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity'?
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Study Notes
Art and Humanities: Western and Filipino Concepts
- Two general fields of learning: Sciences (natural, physical phenomena) and Humanities (human phenomena)
- Thinkers whose thoughts were the basis of method in Humanities:
- Socrates (469-399 BC): "Know thyself"
- Augustine (354-430 AD): "Withdraw into yourself, truth dwells in the inner man"
- Thales of Miletus (620-546 BC): "A scientist tends to know everything about the world that he forgets to know anything about himself"
- Confucius (555-479 BC): "The Great Sage" Wise Man
The Place of Humanities in the History of Western Civilization
- Ancient (800 BC): Cosmocentric View, Protagoras: "Man is the measure of all things", Geocentrism: Man is at the center of the universe
- Medieval (300 AD): Theocentric View, Scholasticism: Man is created in the image of God, Man is at the center of creation
- Renaissance (1400): Anthropocentric View, Humanism: Nothing is more wonderful than man
- Modern (1600): Scientific-Technocentric View, Man is a part of nature
- Postmodern (1960): Eclectic View, Man is a piece of everything
Humanistic Discipline
- History: Human events happening in the world
- Language: Written and oral forms of human communication
- Philosophy: Human reason concerning reality
- Art: Admiration (Art Appreciation) of human-made objects and the human creativity (Art creation) by which these objects are made
Art
- Comes from the Latin word "ars", means skillful production or performance
- Two types of art: liberal art (associated with Fine Arts) and servile art (associated with crafts)
- Filipino derivativeness and inferiority complex vis-à-vis West due to colonization
Colonial Period (1500-1950)
- Our identity destroyed by colonizers: Westernization of Filipino Culture making us alienated from our own
- Forms of Alienation Caused by Westernization of Filipino Culture:
- Alienation from community
- Alienation from our source of cultural energy
- Alienation from our race
- Alienation from the Indigenous
- Alienation from the land
- Alienation from being Filipino
- Alienation from sustainable living
Developing a Filipino and Humanistic Perspective
- Heightening social consciousness and sense of responsibility to the nation
- Promoting people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity
- Promoting the local but thinking national or global
- Integrating the arts to social and cultural phenomena as lucid mirrors of social consciousness
The Communal Character of Philippine Tradition Cultures as Reflected in the Arts
- Integration of the arts with other values and functions
- Unity of the arts
- Arts integrated with everyday life and not regarded as a separate activity
- Equality of opportunity for participation in the artistic and creative process
- Flexibility of material, technical, and formal requirements
- Use of available resources of artistic creation
- Emphasis on the creative process rather than the finished product
- Simultaneity of conception and realization
Becoming Filipino Through the Arts: The Process of Pagpapakatao
- The arts can provide us the most vivid images of social relations and cultural values
- Contemplating the arts is like reflecting on the psychic template of an artist or a cultural community
Western Concept of Art vs. Filipino Concept of Art
- Western Concept: Only schooled people are artists, elitist, meant for the higher social class, hierarchical, high and low art, major art and craft, fine and practical art, folk, indigenous
- Filipino Concept: No such Western distinctions, art is for everyone
Damian Domingo and Juan Luna
- Damian Domingo:
- Father of Philippine Painting
- Founded the first Art School in the Philippines, Escuela Dibujo y Pintura in Tondo, Manila in 1821
- Juan Luna:
- Academic Westernized Filipino Painting
- Bachelor of Arts Degree, Ateneo Municipal de Manila
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Description
Explore the impact of colonialism on Filipino cultural identity, from the destruction of pre-colonial identity to the alienation caused by Westernization. Understand the roots of the derivativeness and inferiority complex vis-à-vis the West.
