Colonial Prologue: Atahualpa vs. Pizarro

<p>To found a community, San Miguel de Piura, on the coast. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consolidated his power after a civil war against his brother. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He arrayed his army for an ambush, hidden in the buildings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His shudder and nervous response to Pedro Pizarro. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atahualpa's retinue significantly outnumbered Pizarro's army. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overseer of the mining operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influence of the Enlightenment ideals and the perception of the church as an embodiment of Spain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enforcing religious and moral orthodoxy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bigamy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They viewed it as a matter of luck. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zacatecas and Potosí (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Enlightenment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dramatic increase in the importation of African slaves to replace the decimated indigenous population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model for understanding the interactions between peoples, forces, and cultures of continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean following European arrival in the Americas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Portuguese, in settling Brazil and blending with Indians and Afro-descendants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in the creation of American empires that established Latin America's basic character based its religion and eating habits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which indigenous populations maintained some control over their lives, practices, and beliefs despite European dominance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cultural contribution that blended with indigenous and European influences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fostered an environment dominated by independent states involved in capitalist trade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population rebound and retention of languages, religion, and practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roman Catholicism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A call to arms for Mexican independence, emphasizing the end of tribute and the pursuit of liberty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mexican president delivers the 'Grito' from the National Palace in Mexico City. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He initiated the independence movement with his call to arms in Dolores. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The imposition of heavy taxes and tributes, seen as a sign of slavery and tyranny. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He claimed the fight was divinely ordained and God would protect the cause. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Virgin of Guadalupe, to generate support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True happiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They articulate the concepts and ideas that later gain momentum through mass action. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultimate authority in society resides with the people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the guardian of morality and enforcer of social order, which they challenged. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A benign divine presence who set the universe in motion but allows humans free will. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They studied nature directly through observation and experimentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific knowledge was thought to be complete, immutable, and unchanging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that all people are created equal and possess equal rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engagement between Minutemen and Redcoats in Massachusetts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She coordinated communications, provisioning, troop movements, and recruitment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivating Indians to join their cause while preventing the conflict from becoming a caste war. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Spaniards in the Andes remained wary of further rebellions and bloodshed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They paved the way for victory by the next generation of leaders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealthy white Creoles driven by various factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Creoles identified Peninsulares as foreigners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>marked by antagonism and bitter feelings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ideology of the Enlightenment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The church faced intense criticism for its power and influence during the Wars of Independence.

The church's system for enforcing religious orthodoxy and punishing heresy and moral crimes.

Opposition to the church's influence, especially during the Wars of Independence.

Philosophical ideas of reason and individualism that influenced anti-clerical sentiments.

The church was a major property holder and provider of education and services in the colonies.

The most significant wealth from the colonies came from silver mines, not gold.

Major silver mining locations in Mexico and Bolivia that fueled Spain's wealth.

Spain profited immensely from silver found in its American colonies, becoming Europe's envy.

Africans and their descendants present in Iberia, some free and others enslaved.

A model for studying interactions of peoples from four continents bordering the Atlantic during colonization.

The expansion of Spanish dominion in the Americas that led to the establishment of empires.

The resurgence of native populations in regions like Mexico and Peru after the Conquest's decline.

The ability of indigenous people to retain their culture and practices despite European dominance.

The religion brought by Europeans during the colonization in the Americas.

The fusion of African, Indigenous, and European elements in the New World society.

The settlement and development of Brazil by Portuguese explorers, leading to a unique society.

Spanish conquistador who led the expedition to conquer the Inca Empire.

The last emperor of the Incas before the Spanish conquest.

The city where Pizarro captured Atahualpa in 1532.

Term referring to the vast extent of the Inca Empire.

Conflict between Atahualpa and his brother Huáscar over the Inca throne.

A surprise attack by Pizarro’s troops against Atahualpa.

Atahualpa's retinue comprised many skilled fighters and leaders.

The group of Spanish soldiers under Pizarro’s command entering Inca territory.

The movement away from Spanish colonial rule, leading to independence in Latin America.

A call for independence by Father Miguel Hidalgo on September 16, 1810, in Mexico.

Priest who initiated the Mexican War of Independence with the Grito de Dolores.

Date of the Grito de Dolores marking the start of Mexico's independence movement.

Annual reenactment of the Grito de Dolores by the current president of Mexico.

Hidalgo emphasized that without liberty, true happiness is unattainable.

A broader struggle across Latin America to attain freedom from colonial powers.

Economic system characterized by trade between empires and their colonies before independence.

A child born to parents who are not married, often facing social stigma.

Involved tasks such as command and coordination during uprisings.

A conflict targeted at specific social classes, often leading to violence.

Individuals who initiated liberation movements but often failed individually.

Wealthy individuals of Spanish descent born in Latin America, leading independence movements.

Spaniards born in Spain, often viewed as outsiders in Latin America.

Philosophical movement promoting reason and individual rights, influencing revolutions.

Discontent arising from poor economic conditions leading to revolts.

The idea that ultimate authority rests with the people, not a monarch.

An 18th-century movement that emphasized reason and individualism over tradition.

The belief that monarchs receive their authority directly from God.

The idea that all individuals possess the same rights by nature.

The belief in a benign creator who allows free will rather than an interventionist God.

Thinkers who challenged old knowledge and advocated reason.

A period of significant advancements in scientific thought, challenging past beliefs.

Movements that favor reason and human freedom over religious doctrines.