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Colonial Legacy in India
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Colonial Legacy in India

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Questions and Answers

What role did colleagues at the Centre for Historical Studies play in the creation of the book?

  • They wrote the entire manuscript.
  • They engaged in discussions and provided intellectual support. (correct)
  • They conducted all the research.
  • They provided financial support for the project.

    • Which institution provided the authors with the opportunity to stay in Japan?

  • Jawaharlal Nehru University.
  • The Japan Foundation. (correct)
  • The Institute of Oriental Culture.
  • Tokyo University.

    • Which of the following tasks was primarily done in Japan as mentioned?

  • Final editing of the book.
  • Selecting the title of the book.
  • Drafting and research for the book. (correct)
  • Publication of the book.

    • Who was crucial in making the opportunity to stay in Japan possible?

    <p>Professor Asis Datta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the authors describe the interactions with their colleagues and friends?

    <p>They involved a lot of debates and disagreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is NOT mentioned as contributing to the authors' ideas?

    <p>Amit Bhaduri.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sentiment did the authors express regarding their colleagues and students?

    <p>They helped keep their optimism alive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of discussions were highlighted in relation to the authors’ intellectual growth?

    <p>Polemics and heated disagreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage of illiteracy among women in 1951?

    <p>92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the weaknesses of the colonial educational system in India?

    <p>Encouraged learning by rote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was NOT responsible for poverty and impoverishment in colonial India?

    <p>High rate of population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the impact of railway development in India?

    <p>The British steel and machine industries benefited from railway development in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature characterized the evolution of the Indian industrial base before 1947?

    <p>It included several consumer industries owned by Indians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many middle schools existed in India at the time mentioned?

    <p>13,590</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the English-based educational system?

    <p>Hindered the development of Indian languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend was observed in Indian capital by the end of the Second World War?

    <p>A significant portion of large industrial units was under Indian control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the education for scientific and technical manpower in India in 1939?

    <p>Inadequate with only a few institutions available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What socio-economic condition marked the end of colonialism in India?

    <p>Extremely low standards of living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant characteristic of the indigenous capitalist class in India after 1914?

    <p>They had an independent economic and financial base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic experienced the highest illiteracy rate in 1951?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector generated more national income than the large-scale industrial sector?

    <p>Small-scale industrial sector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key perceived advantage of the colonial educational system in India?

    <p>Creating a shared intelligentsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of bank deposits did Indian joint-stock banks hold?

    <p>64 percent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation characterized the development of Indian industry and capitalism?

    <p>It remained relatively stunted and limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major social divisions were exploited to promote conflict in India?

    <p>Hindus against Muslims, royals against commoners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 1947, what percentage of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) members were Indian?

    <p>48%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary characteristic of the Indian Civil Service (ICS)?

    <p>Merit-based recruitment through open competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What obstacle did the ICS present after India gained independence in 1947?

    <p>Resistance to social change and economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was corruption most prevalent in the Indian administration during British rule?

    <p>Departments with less regulatory oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What actions did the British take to maintain the separation between the military and the national movement?

    <p>Preventing nationalist literature from reaching military personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the British armed forces contribute to their regime in India?

    <p>By acting as a divisive force against nationalist movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of high taxes implemented during the Second World War?

    <p>Rise in tax evasion and black market activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary concern of Jawaharlal Nehru regarding international trade?

    <p>To avoid economic imperialism while encouraging international trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Indian nationalists view industrialization?

    <p>As essential for rural development and reducing population pressure on land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of industries did nationalists believe should be encouraged for essential consumer goods?

    <p>Medium, small-scale, and cottage industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key role envisioned for the state in India's economic development by nationalists?

    <p>To actively participate in a comprehensive economic development policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group did nationalists seek to abolish in their agrarian reform during the 1930s and 1940s?

    <p>Intermediary rent receivers like zamindars and landlords.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was seen as a major cause of India’s economic dependence and underdevelopment?

    <p>The creation of a heavy capital goods sector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attitude did nationalists hold towards the entry of foreign capital?

    <p>They believed it should be avoided to promote indigenous development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic strategy was largely accepted during the 1930s among Indian nationalists?

    <p>A comprehensive policy of state intervention and planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Colonial Legacy in India

    • Economic Development:
      • British rule brought railway development and infrastructure, but the emphasis was on resource extraction for Britain, hindering Indian industrial growth. - The Indian textile industry flourished, but it was largely based on cotton, jute, sugar, soap, paper, and matches.
      • While some capital goods industries emerged, their scale was limited, and most technical personnel were non-Indian. - By 1947, Indian capital controlled a significant portion of large industrial units, with the small-scale sector heavily reliant on Indian capital. - Indian capital saw success in banking, insurance, and internal trade, but overall industrialization lagged behind, with limited access to electricity and widespread illiteracy, hampering economic development.
    • The Colonial State
      • The British established a centralized educational system based on English, creating an India-wide intelligentsia with common perspectives but also a wide gap between the educated class and the masses.
      • The colonial education system was rigid and emphasized rote learning, hindering independent thinking.
      • The British administration was largely efficient, with the Indian Civil Service (ICS) playing a crucial role under British control.
      • While Indianization of services occurred, key positions remained under British control, with Indians in those roles effectively working as agents of British rule.
      • Corruption flourished at lower administrative levels, particularly in areas like public works, irrigation, and the police.

    Nationalist Vision for Independent India

    • Economic Self-Reliance:
      • Indian nationalists prioritized economic self-reliance through industrialization.
      • The emphasis was on developing a heavy capital goods sector to reduce dependence on foreign technology.
      • The promotion of medium, small-scale, and cottage industries was seen as essential for employment growth.
      • Nationalists opposed unrestricted foreign investment, believing it would stifle Indian enterprise and capital.
      • While foreign capital could be utilized under Indian political control, the primary focus was on indigenous capital.
    • Agrarian Reform:
      • The abolition of zamindari and other intermediary rent receivers was a key goal.
      • The envisaged agricultural structure would be based on peasant proprietors.
    • State Intervention:
      • The need for a strong state role in economic development was recognized.
      • Economic planning and a robust public sector were seen as crucial for rapid industrialization.

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    Explore the complex economic development during British rule in India. This quiz examines the effects of colonial policies on industrial growth, the rise of the Indian textile industry, and the establishment of a centralized educational system. Assess your understanding of how these factors contributed to India's economic landscape by 1947.

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