Colonial History: Abolition and Migration

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant consequence of the Frontier Wars on indigenous groups in South Africa?

Decisive military victories for the Xhosa against the British.

Increased land retention by British settlers.

Further complicating relations between settlers and indigenous peoples. (correct)

Full rights were granted to all indigenous groups.

What was the primary outcome of Ordinance 50 regarding the status of slaves in British colonies?

It increased the number of slaves allowed in colonies.

It freed all slaves immediately.

It declared all slaves freed after a transition period. (correct)

It granted equal rights to enslaved individuals.

Which event marked the beginning of a significant change in British policy toward slavery in 1807?

The launch of the Great Trek.

The first Xhosa Frontier War.

Abolition of the slave trade. (correct)

The passage of Ordinance 50.

Why did the British government decide to abolish slavery in their colonies by 1833?

Slave revolts made it increasingly dangerous for slave owners. Signup and view all the answers

Chief Maqoma was significant in which context regarding the British colonial policies?

He led resistance against land dispossession. Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the Boers to begin the Great Trek during the 1830s?

To escape British laws and control. Signup and view all the answers

Which battle was significant for the Voortrekkers during the Great Trek?

The Battle of Blood River. Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of slave ownership in British colonies after the abolition of slavery in 1833?

Slave owners were compensated for their losses. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main consequences of Ordinance 50 passed in 1828?

It provided equal rights under law to Khoikhoi and people of colour. Signup and view all the answers

Which conflict was primarily driven by land disputes between the British and the Xhosa people?

Xhosa Wars Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 4th Frontier War (1811-1812)?

Xhosa were pushed further east by British expansion. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect of the abolition of slavery in 1834?

Boers experienced labor shortages. Signup and view all the answers

During the Great Trek from 1835 to 1841, what motivated Boer families to migrate from the Cape Colony?

Search for better grazing lands to support their livestock. Signup and view all the answers

Which group played a significant role in trade and diplomacy in the northern frontier during the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

African kingdoms like Kora and Griqua. Signup and view all the answers

What were the main goods traded by the Tswana states between the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

Ivory, skins, and iron. Signup and view all the answers

What was a critical factor for the Boer farmers' dissatisfaction following the abolition of slavery?

Dependence on Khoikhoi labor was disrupted. Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of Ordinance 50 enacted in 1828?

It granted Khoikhoi equal rights as Europeans. Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with Colonel John Graham during the 4th Frontier War?

He commanded British forces to secure land from the Xhosa. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily motivated the British government to increase the number of settlers in the Zuurveld after the 5th Frontier War?

To create agricultural communities. Signup and view all the answers

How did most of the new settlers from Britain fare in farming during their early years in Zuurveld?

They left farms and sought jobs in towns. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the 6th Frontier War?

It caused substantial loss of life and property. Signup and view all the answers

Andries Stockenström was known for his stance on which issue?

Advocating for the rights of Khoikhoi people. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the newly settled farmers mainly take after struggling with agriculture?

They started trading with the Xhosa. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main crops that settlers in the Zuurveld grew successfully?

Barley Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Abolition of Slavery

1807, the British stopped trading slaves.
Existing slaves could still be bought and sold.
1833, the British government abolished slavery in all British colonies, but slave owners could keep their slaves for 4 years.
1 December 1836 marked the first day of freedom for slaves in the British colonies.

The Great Trek

1835-1841, thousands of Boer families migrated to the interior of South Africa.
They wanted to escape British rule and set up their own republics.
They led conflicts against powerful African kingdoms such as the Zulu.

Xhosa-British Relations

Xhosa and settler/Boer expansion led to conflict over land.
The Xhosa fought nine frontier wars (1779-1879).
The 4th Frontier War (1811-1812) expelled Xhosa from the Zuurveld, giving the land to European settlers.
The British government sought to push the Xhosa further east after the wars.

Ordinance 50

Passed in 1828.
Granted equal rights to Khoikhoi and people of colour under the law.
They were no longer forced to carry passes or work as servants for European settlers.
This angered the Boers, who relied on cheap labor from the Khoikhoi.

The 6th Frontier War

1834, the British government abolished slavery in the Cape Colony.
The full emancipation of enslaved people was completed in 1838.
Boer farmers, who relied on enslaved labor, were unhappy with the changes.
The 6th Frontier War was a shock to colonists.
20 white people and 80 Khoikhoi were killed, 455 homesteads were burned, and cattle and sheep were stolen.

Key Figures

Andries Waterboer: Griqua leader who helped his people secure land and played a vital role in frontier politics and military struggles.
Chief Maqoma: Xhosa leader who fought against the British in the 6th, 7th, and 8th Frontier Wars.
Andries Stockenström: Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Cape in 1836. He worked to create treaties with Xhosa leaders and ensure fair boundaries.
King Dingane: Zulu king who fought against the Voortrekkers in the Great Trek.
Andries Pretorius: Leader of the Voortrekkers who played a key role in the victory of the Battle of Blood River.
Colonel John Graham: Led the British in the 4th Frontier War, expelling the Xhosa from the Zuurveld.
David: Khoikhoi leader who fought for the rights of his people and helped enslaved people escape.
Stuurman: Resisted British control and was eventually exiled to Australia.

1820 Settlers

4,000 British people were paid by the British government to settle in the Eastern Cape.
Most arrived at Algoa Bay (Port Elizabeth) and were given farmland in the Zuurveld.
More than half of them came from cities and towns and knew nothing about farming.
By 1822, most left the farms and worked in settler towns on the eastern frontier.

Expansion of Sheep Farming

1820 settlers traded shop-bought goods for ivory and animal skins with Xhosa.
Farmers who stayed in the Zuurveld planted maize, rye, and barley and farmed merino sheep.
The climate and grazing areas were perfect for sheep.
By 1846, wool was the Cape's most successful export.

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Explore the pivotal events surrounding the abolition of slavery in British colonies, the Great Trek by Boer families in South Africa, and the conflicts between the Xhosa and European settlers. This quiz will test your knowledge on the historical significance and implications of these events on colonial dynamics.