Colon Anatomy SAQ

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What type of epithelium is found in the upper third of the esophagus?

Stratified squamous epithelium

What is the function of the lamina propria in the esophagus?

Underlying connective tissue that supports the epithelium

What is the location of the cardiac glands in the stomach?

In the mucosa, near the esophagogastric junction

What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?

Simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What are villi and what type of epithelium covers them?

Villi are outpocketings of mucosa covered by simple columnar epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

What are Brunner glands and where are they prominent?

Brunner glands are prominent in the proximal duodenum. Signup and view all the answers

What are Plicae circularis and where are they found?

Plicae circularis are folding of both the mucosa and the submucosa. They are found in the jejunum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of absorption in the small intestine?

The jejunum is the main site of absorption in the small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two unique features of the colon?

Crescent-shaped projections into LM of intestinal crypts and pendulous bulges of subserosal adipose tissue shaped like grapes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfold (M) cells?

Microfold cells are similar to those of the small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the lamina propria?

The lamina propria is richly cellular, containing capillaries and larger blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between absorptive cells in the colon and enterocytes in the small intestine?

Absorptive cells in the colon bear apical microplicae (microvilli) that are shorter and less regular than those on enterocytes in the small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thick layer of mucus secreted by surface cells in the stomach?

The thick layer of mucus secreted by surface cells in the stomach forms a barrier over the mucosa for protection of tissues from acid and proteolytic enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the muscularis externa in the stomach?

The muscularis externa of the stomach is made of three layers of smooth muscle: outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique. Signup and view all the answers

What types of cells are found in the gastric glands?

The gastric glands contain parietal cells, mucous neck cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main cell types found in the intestinal glands of the small intestine?

The main cell types found in the intestinal glands of the small intestine are absorptive cells, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, M cells, and Paneth cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the squamocolumnar junction?

The squamocolumnar junction marks the transition from the rectum to the anal canal. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the squamocolumnar junction occur in relation to the pectinate line?

The squamocolumnar junction occurs well above the pectinate line. Signup and view all the answers

What are the features of the rectum indicated in the image?

The features of the rectum indicated in the image are the superior hemorrhoidal venous plexuses (SH) and the inferior hemorrhoidal venous plexuses (IH). Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

The function of the ileocecal valve is to prevent the backflow of fecal matter from the large intestine into the small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What are Peyer's patches and where are they most common?

Peyer's patches are aggregations of lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of the small intestine. They are most common in the distal ileum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main absorptive site in the small intestine?

The main absorptive site in the small intestine is the jejunum. Signup and view all the answers

What is diverticulosis and what can it lead to?

Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula, or herniations of mucosa and submucosa through the muscularis externa of the colon. It can lead to perforations, tears, bleeding, and infection. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main histological features of the anatomical subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract?

The main histological features of the anatomical subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract are as follows: <ul> <li>Mucosa: Epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Mucosae</li> <li>Submucosa: Loose areolar CT, Submucosal plexus</li> <li>Muscularis: Inner circularis mm, Outer Longitudinal mm, Myenteric Plexus</li> <li>Serosa/Adventitia: Loose areolar CT</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the submucosa in the gastrointestinal tract?

The submucosa in the gastrointestinal tract is made of loose areolar connective tissue and contains blood and lymph vessels, as well as the submucosal (Meisnner's) nerve plexus, which is part of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia in the gastrointestinal tract?

In the gastrointestinal tract, the serosa is also called the visceral peritoneum and is a serous membrane covered by serous fluid. It is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels, as well as a simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium). On the other hand, the adventitia is a fibrous connective tissue layer that attaches organs to surrounding structures and does not have a serous covering. Signup and view all the answers