Colombian History: Rojas Pinilla to Guerrilla Movement
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Questions and Answers

What marked the end of the violent bipartisan conflict in Colombia?

  • The Pact of Sitios (correct)
  • The Benidorm incident
  • Gustavo Rojas Pinilla's presidency
  • The Cuban Revolution

    • When did Gustavo Rojas Pinilla's presidency begin and end?

  • Late 1960s
  • Late 1950s
  • July 1957 - December 1, 1957
  • June 13, 1953 - June 13, 1957 (correct)

    • What led to the covert negotiations between liberal and conservative party leaders in the late 1950s?

  • Influence of the Cuban Revolution
  • Gustavo Rojas Pinilla's presidency
  • Benidorm incident in 1956 (correct)
  • Rural struggles in the late 1940s

    • What was the purpose of the Pact of Sitios?

    <p>To establish a power-sharing arrangement between the liberal and conservative parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the popular plebiscite on December 1, 1957, ratify?

    <p>The agreement of the Pact of Sitios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event played a significant role in the origins of the Colombian guerrilla movement?

    <p>Rural struggles and the influence of the Cuban Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did new leftist guerrilla groups like ELN and M-19 emerge due to?

    <p>Growing discontent and ideological shifts across Latin America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the National Front bring an end to?

    <p>The violence but not underlying social, economic, and political issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the leaders who covertly met to discuss a plan to remove Gustavo Rojas Pinilla from power?

    <p>Alberto Lleras Camargo and Laureano Gómez</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué motivó el surgimiento de la guerrilla colombiana en 1964?

    <p>Decisión política de crear una fuerza militar separada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué influenció el surgimiento de la segunda generación de guerrilla, representada por el M-19?

    <p>Los conflictos rurales en Sumapaz y Tequendama en las décadas de 1920 y 1930.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál fue el objetivo del Frente Nacional?

    <p>Buscar una solución equilibrada para el deterioro de la democracia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál evento marcó el final del conflicto bipartidista violento en Colombia?

    <p>El Frente Nacional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál fue una de las causas del surgimiento de la guerrilla colombiana según el texto?

    <p>Conflictos rurales y desplazamiento masivo de campesinos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué reconocieron los líderes tras el impacto de Benidorm en 1956?

    <p>La responsabilidad compartida en el deterioro de la democracia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué evento histórico influyó en el surgimiento de la segunda generación de guerrilla representada por el M-19?

    <p>Los conflictos rurales en Sumapaz y Tequendama.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué permitió poner fin al conflicto bipartidista violento en Colombia?

    <p>El National Front.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Gustavo Rojas Pinilla began his presidency on June 13, 1953, and ended it on June 13, 1957.
    • In the late 1950s, liberal and conservative party leaders, Alberto Lleras Camargo and Laureano Gómez, covertly met to discuss a plan to remove Rojas Pinilla from power.
    • The catalyst for their negotiations was the Benidorm incident in 1956, where both parties acknowledged their shared responsibility for the decay of democracy.
    • They sought an equalitarian solution and began discussions for a power-sharing agreement that later became known as the Pact of Sitios.
    • The pact, signed in Spain in July 1957, established a power-sharing arrangement between the two parties, with the presidency alternating between them for 16 years.
    • The agreement, which was ratified by a popular plebiscite on December 1, 1957, marked the end of the violent bipartisan conflict in Colombia, known as the National Front, that had lasted over a century.
    • The National Front brought an end to the violence but did not resolve underlying social, economic, and political issues.
    • New leftist guerrilla groups, like the ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional) and M-19 (Movimiento 19 de Abril), emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s due to growing discontent and ideological shifts across Latin America.
    • The origins of the Colombian guerrilla movement can be traced back to the late 1940s and early 1950s, where rural struggles and the influence of the Cuban Revolution played a significant role.
    • The first generation of guerrilla groups, like ELN and M-19, emerged in response to rural conflicts and the absence of the state in rural areas.
    • The discursive and violent dynamics have coexisted in various forms among Colombian guerrilla groups, with some, like the PELC (Pablo Escobar's Medellín Cartel), employing terrorism in urban areas without significant results.
    • The presence of the guerrilla movement in Colombia from the 1950s to the 1980s contributed to a slow but steady expansion in rural areas, especially in underinstitutionalized regions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of Colombian history from the presidency of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla to the emergence of leftist guerrilla groups in the late 1960s and 1970s. Explore the Pact of Sitios, the National Front, and the origins and dynamics of the Colombian guerrilla movement.

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