18 Questions
What is the primary assumption of the collision theory?
Atoms or molecules must collide with each other to react
What is required for a collision to produce a chemical change?
A collision with sufficient internal energy and favorable orientation
What is the minimum energy required for a collision to produce a chemical change?
Activation energy
What is the main limitation of the collision theory?
It only applies to gas-phase reactions
What is the frequency of collisions that determines the rate of a chemical reaction?
Frequency of effective collisions
Who are the persons behind the collision theory?
The information is not provided in the text
What is the primary reason a higher concentration of a reactant leads to a faster reaction rate?
It increases the frequency of collisions between particles.
What is the effect of an increase in temperature on the rate of a reaction?
It typically increases the rate of reaction.
What is the crucial factor influenced by particle size in collision theory?
The frequency of collisions between reactant molecules.
What happens to the rate of reaction when the concentration of a reactant is increased?
It increases.
What is the term for the study of how particles interact to affect the rate of a reaction?
Collision theory
What is the result of a higher concentration of a reactant in a given space?
More particles are available to collide.
Who introduced the Collision Theory in the 1910s?
Max Trautz and William Lewis
What is the primary function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
To provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy
What happens to the rate of reaction when the concentration of one or more reactants is increased?
It increases
What is the activation energy related to in a catalyzed reaction?
The pathway with lower energy
What is the name of the German chemist who was very productive with over 190 scientific publications?
Max Trautz
What is the title of the professorship held by William Lewis at the University of Liverpool?
Brunner Professor of Physical Chemistry
Study Notes
Collision Theory
- Collision theory predicts the rates of chemical reactions, particularly for gases, based on the assumption that reacting species must collide with each other.
- Not all collisions lead to chemical change; collisions must have a minimum internal energy equal to the activation energy of the reaction and favorable orientation.
Effective Collisions
- The rate of a chemical reaction is equal to the frequency of effective collisions.
- Effective collisions require a minimum internal energy (activation energy) and favorable orientation of colliding species.
Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
- Concentration: an increase in concentration leads to more collisions, increasing the reaction rate.
- Temperature: an increase in temperature raises the average kinetic energy of reactant molecules, increasing the reaction rate.
Particle Size
- Particle size is a crucial factor in collision theory, influencing the frequency and effectiveness of collisions between reactant molecules.
History of Collision Theory
- Collision theory was first introduced in the 1910s by Max Trautz and William Lewis to account for the magnitudes of rate constants.
Key Figures
- Max Trautz: a German chemist who investigated activation energy and connected Max Planck's results with chemistry.
- William Lewis: a British chemist and academic who was a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Liverpool.
Catalysts
- A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction.
- Catalysts work by providing a different pathway for the reaction, with a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed pathway.
Explore the principles of collision theory and how it is used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, especially for gases. Learn about the conditions necessary for effective collisions to bring about chemical change.
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