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Questions and Answers
The Treaty of Hartford in 1638 outlawed the Pequot tribe.
The Treaty of Hartford in 1638 outlawed the Pequot tribe.
True (A)
King Philip's War, lasting from 1675 to 1676, was led by Chief ______ of the Wampanoag tribe.
King Philip's War, lasting from 1675 to 1676, was led by Chief ______ of the Wampanoag tribe.
Metacomet
What was the primary reason for the Iroquois League's alliance with the British in 1677?
What was the primary reason for the Iroquois League's alliance with the British in 1677?
Explain the main benefit for individuals who chose to become indentured servants in the colonies.
Explain the main benefit for individuals who chose to become indentured servants in the colonies.
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Which of the following statements about the Middle Passage is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the Middle Passage is TRUE?
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What was the name of the largest city built by the Aztecs?
What was the name of the largest city built by the Aztecs?
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Match the colonial demographic trends with their corresponding impact.
Match the colonial demographic trends with their corresponding impact.
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Which of these statements about the Treaty of Tordesillas is TRUE?
Which of these statements about the Treaty of Tordesillas is TRUE?
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What were two major reasons for the migration of individuals to the New World?
What were two major reasons for the migration of individuals to the New World?
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The Clovis people were the first inhabitants of the Americas, arriving approximately 15,000 years ago.
The Clovis people were the first inhabitants of the Americas, arriving approximately 15,000 years ago.
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The colonial economy in the South relied heavily on enslaved labor for the production of tobacco, rice, sugar, and indigo.
The colonial economy in the South relied heavily on enslaved labor for the production of tobacco, rice, sugar, and indigo.
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The ______ was a period of renewed interest in learning and culture in Europe, beginning in the 1400s.
The ______ was a period of renewed interest in learning and culture in Europe, beginning in the 1400s.
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Match the following European powers with their notable explorers during the Age of Exploration:
Match the following European powers with their notable explorers during the Age of Exploration:
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Which of these Native American civilizations was known for its advanced irrigation systems?
Which of these Native American civilizations was known for its advanced irrigation systems?
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The 'Encounters Model' of European expansion emphasizes the peaceful and cooperative interactions between Europeans and Native Americans.
The 'Encounters Model' of European expansion emphasizes the peaceful and cooperative interactions between Europeans and Native Americans.
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Briefly describe the 'Holocaust Model' perspective on European colonization.
Briefly describe the 'Holocaust Model' perspective on European colonization.
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Which of these events led to the Boston Massacre?
Which of these events led to the Boston Massacre?
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The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 was a gathering of delegates from thirteen colonies.
The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 was a gathering of delegates from thirteen colonies.
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What was the purpose of the Declaratory Act passed by the British Parliament?
What was the purpose of the Declaratory Act passed by the British Parliament?
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Which of the following items were introduced to the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange?
Which of the following items were introduced to the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange?
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The ______ was the pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that argued for American independence.
The ______ was the pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that argued for American independence.
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The French primarily focused on establishing large-scale farms in the Americas during their exploration period.
The French primarily focused on establishing large-scale farms in the Americas during their exploration period.
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Match the following events with their corresponding dates:
Match the following events with their corresponding dates:
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What was the primary motivation behind the Enclosure Movement in England?
What was the primary motivation behind the Enclosure Movement in England?
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What was the British response to the Boston Tea Party?
What was the British response to the Boston Tea Party?
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The ______ Colony, established in 1584, was the first English colony in North America and mysteriously disappeared.
The ______ Colony, established in 1584, was the first English colony in North America and mysteriously disappeared.
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The Olive Branch Petition was a successful effort to achieve peace with Great Britain.
The Olive Branch Petition was a successful effort to achieve peace with Great Britain.
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Match the following historical figures to their respective accomplishments:
Match the following historical figures to their respective accomplishments:
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What is the significance of Paul Revere's midnight ride?
What is the significance of Paul Revere's midnight ride?
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The English Civil War was fought between the Parliamentarians and Loyalists, who supported King Charles I.
The English Civil War was fought between the Parliamentarians and Loyalists, who supported King Charles I.
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Which of the following was NOT a motivation for English colonization of North America?
Which of the following was NOT a motivation for English colonization of North America?
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How did the Spanish colonization impact the native population of the Americas?
How did the Spanish colonization impact the native population of the Americas?
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The Enlightenment was a period that prioritized the divine right of kings.
The Enlightenment was a period that prioritized the divine right of kings.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Great Awakening?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Great Awakening?
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Who was the first person to explore the Great Lakes region?
Who was the first person to explore the Great Lakes region?
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The Company of New France restricted settlement to only ______ French Catholics.
The Company of New France restricted settlement to only ______ French Catholics.
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Match the following figures with their contributions:
Match the following figures with their contributions:
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Which of these figures significantly contributed to the Founding of Princeton University?
Which of these figures significantly contributed to the Founding of Princeton University?
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The Lisbon earthquake of 1755 strengthened belief in a divinely ordered world.
The Lisbon earthquake of 1755 strengthened belief in a divinely ordered world.
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What was the name given to the land claimed by Rene-Robert Cavelier from the Ohio River Valley to the Rocky Mountains?
What was the name given to the land claimed by Rene-Robert Cavelier from the Ohio River Valley to the Rocky Mountains?
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In which colony were slaves only 2% of the population in the early colonial period?
In which colony were slaves only 2% of the population in the early colonial period?
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The Massachusetts Royal Charter of 1691 limited political participation to those who owned land, regardless of their religious beliefs.
The Massachusetts Royal Charter of 1691 limited political participation to those who owned land, regardless of their religious beliefs.
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What was the primary economic activity in the Middle Colonies?
What was the primary economic activity in the Middle Colonies?
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The ______ Rebellion in 1739 was led by a literate slave named Jemmy.
The ______ Rebellion in 1739 was led by a literate slave named Jemmy.
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Match the colonial city with its approximate population in 1775:
Match the colonial city with its approximate population in 1775:
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Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the fear that fueled the Salem Witch Trials?
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the fear that fueled the Salem Witch Trials?
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The Stono Rebellion was successful in achieving its goals and permanently altering the system of slavery in South Carolina.
The Stono Rebellion was successful in achieving its goals and permanently altering the system of slavery in South Carolina.
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What was the primary role of taverns in colonial cities?
What was the primary role of taverns in colonial cities?
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Flashcards
Age of Reason
Age of Reason
An intellectual movement opposed to absolute monarchy, emphasizing science and rationality.
John Locke
John Locke
Philosopher who rejected the divine right of kings and advocated for government by consent.
Great Awakening
Great Awakening
A religious revival movement in the 1730s responding to declining faith.
Jonathan Edwards
Jonathan Edwards
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New France
New France
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Treaty of Hartford (1638)
Treaty of Hartford (1638)
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Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu
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King Philip’s War
King Philip’s War
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Rene-Robert Cavelier
Rene-Robert Cavelier
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Princeton University
Princeton University
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Iroquois League
Iroquois League
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Indentured Servitude
Indentured Servitude
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Middle Passage
Middle Passage
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Colonial Demographics (1750)
Colonial Demographics (1750)
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Status of Women
Status of Women
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South Carolina's indigo
South Carolina's indigo
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Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty
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Stamp Act Congress
Stamp Act Congress
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Declaratory Act
Declaratory Act
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Boston Massacre
Boston Massacre
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Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
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Olive Branch Petition
Olive Branch Petition
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Common Sense
Common Sense
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Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence
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Conquest Model
Conquest Model
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Indian Voice (Holocaust Model)
Indian Voice (Holocaust Model)
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Olmecs
Olmecs
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Clovis People
Clovis People
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Black Death
Black Death
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Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty of Tordesillas
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Cortés
Cortés
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Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus
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Salem Witch Trials
Salem Witch Trials
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Stono Rebellion
Stono Rebellion
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Agrarian Economy in Middle Colonies
Agrarian Economy in Middle Colonies
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Role of Cities in Colonial America
Role of Cities in Colonial America
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Church Influence in New England
Church Influence in New England
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Race-Based Slavery Origins
Race-Based Slavery Origins
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Encomienda System
Encomienda System
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Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
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French Exploration
French Exploration
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Roanoke Colony
Roanoke Colony
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Treaty of Augsburg
Treaty of Augsburg
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Enclosure Movement
Enclosure Movement
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Magna Carta
Magna Carta
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English Civil War
English Civil War
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Study Notes
Collision of Cultures (16th Century)
- Conquest Model: European expansion viewed as a God-given right.
- Indian Voice (Holocaust Model): Europeans seen as invaders.
- Encounters Model: Cultural exchange, alliances, shared knowledge.
Native Settlements & Early Civilizations
- Traditional Theory: Natives arrived via Bering Strait (~12-15 thousand years ago).
- Recent Theory: First Americans may have arrived ~40,000 years ago from Asia/Europe.
- Early Civilizations:
- Olmecs (Mexico, 1500 BCE): "Rubber people."
- Mayans (250-900 CE): City-states, polytheistic, declined due to war, overpopulation, and drought.
- Incas (12th century-1531): 12 million people, strong military, conquered by Cortés.
- Aztecs (1248-1521): Tenochtitlan, largest city, highly structured society, war-like, conquered by Cortés.
North American Natives
- Clovis People (~15,000 years ago): Earliest arrivals, spear points found at Clovis, NM.
- Regional Groups:
- Southwest: Anasazi, peaceful, advanced irrigation.
- Great Plains: Nomadic, buffalo hunters (e.g., Sioux, Comanche, Apache).
- Mississippian Culture (800-1400 CE): Cahokia, 15,000 people, mound builders.
- Eastern Woodlands (e.g., Algonquian, Iroquoian, Muskogean): Farmers, fishers, village-based societies.
Europe Before Exploration
- Black Death (1347-1351): Killed 1/3 of Europe's population, disrupted feudalism.
- Renaissance (1400s): Rebirth of learning, humanism, scientific advancements (e.g., Da Vinci, Galileo).
- Printing Press (1450s): Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized information spread.
Age of Exploration
- Technology Advances: Improved ships, gunpowder, compasses.
- Major European Powers: Spain, Portugal, France, England.
- Spain Unification (1469): Ferdinand and Isabella unified Aragon and Castile.
Christopher Columbus (1492)
- Sailed west to Asia, landed in Bahamas.
- Left 40 men in Hispaniola (all died).
- Second voyage with 17 ships and 1400 men.
Spanish Empire & Conquistadors
- Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Pope divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
- Cortés (1519): Conquered Aztecs, used smallpox.
- Pizarro (1531): Defeated Incas.
- Encomienda System: Forced labor of natives by Spanish landlords
Columbian Exchange
- Exchange of goods and diseases between Europe and Americas.
- Items to Europe: Tobacco, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, chocolate, turkeys.
- Items to Americas: Horses, wheat, diseases (smallpox, measles).
French & Dutch Exploration
- French (Verrazano, Cartier): Explored Canada, established Quebec.
- Dutch: Focused on trade, settled in present-day New York.
English Colonization Attempts
- Roanoke Colony (1584): Mysteriously disappeared.
- 1588: English defeated Spanish Armada.
- Religious and Political Shifts in Europe: Reformation (1517), Calvinism, Treaty of Augsburg (1555).
Legacy of Spanish Colonization
- Spread Catholicism.
- Extracted wealth via mining (silver).
- Established missions.
- Created political instability in the New World.
England and Its American Colonies (1607-1732)
- Motivations for Colonization: Market for goods, fur trade, religious conflicts, send poor abroad, enclosure movement.
- Colonial Enterprise: Royal charters to Joint-Stock Companies, profits from raw materials to England.
- England's Political Traditions: Magna Carta (1215), Parliament creation.
- Religious Conflict & War: Puritans, English Civil War, execution of Charles I, Oliver Cromwell.
Settling the American Colonies
- Jamestown (1607): First English settlement, harsh conditions, starvation.
- Plymouth Colony (1620): Pilgrims, Mayflower Compact.
- Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630): John Winthrop's "City upon a Hill."
- Maryland (1634): Refuge for Catholics.
- Carolinas (1663-1720): Southern and Northern Carolinas.
- New Netherlands → New York (1664): British take over.
- Pennsylvania (1682): William Penn.
Colonial Conflicts
- Bacon's Rebellion (1676): Led by Nathaniel Bacon.
- Pequot War (1636-1638): Colonists vs. Pequot Tribe.
- King Philip's War (1675-1676): Chief Metacomet (Wampanoag).
- Iroquois League (Confederacy)
African Slavery
- 1619: First African slaves arrive in Virginia.
- Middle Passage: Harsh transport, high death rate.
- African culture persisted through folktales, religious blends.
Colonial Ways of Life (1607-1750)
- Reasons for moving to the New World: religious freedom, job opportunities, and slavery.
- Colonial Demographics: High population growth in America compared to Europe.
- Status of Women: Limited rights, responsible for household duties.
- Society and Economy: Southern prosperity depended on enslaved labor.
- New England: Fewer slaves, emphasis on biblical interpretation.
Colonial Cities (1775)
- Cities were hubs for politics, economy, and communication.
Enlightenment/Age of Reason
- Opposition to absolute monarchy.
- Shift towards science and rational thought.
- John Locke: Rejected divine right of kings.
Great Awakening (1730s)
- Religious revival.
- Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.
From Colonies to States (1607-1776)
- New France: Samuel de Champlain, Quebec.
- French Settlement: claims extensive American interior.
- British System: More diverse government structure.
Government Regulation and Colonial Reaction (1763-1776)
- Government regulation of the nation's economy.
- Navigation Acts: Cargo regulations only on British ships.
- French and Indian War: Conflict between France and Britain in North America.
- Treaty of Paris (1763): British gain control of land east of Mississippi.
- Proclamation of 1763: British attempt to control colonial expansion.
- Stamp Act (1765): Tax imposed on all paper documents.
- Stamp Act Congress: Delegates from 9 colonies met.
- Growing Crisis: Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party.
- Conflict Begins: Lexington and Concord.
- Push for Independence: Common Sense and Declaration of Independence.
Colonial Demographics (1790)
- British North America: Mostly white population.
- 1790 Population: 3.172 Million White Population.
- Race-Based Slavery: Present in all colonies, but concentrated in the South.
Princeton University
- Became a center for Great Awakening ideas and revolution.
- John Witherspoon: Signed Declaration of Independence, President of Princeton University.
- James Madison: Studied Enlightenment thinkers, first graduate student at Princeton University.
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Description
Explore the complex interactions between European expansion and Native American civilizations during the 16th century. This quiz covers various models of these encounters and delves into early Native American settlements and civilizations like the Olmecs, Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs. Test your knowledge on the timelines and characteristics of these cultures.