Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the freezing-point depression?
What is the freezing-point depression?
- The minimum pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent molecules
- The difference between the boiling points of a pure solvent and a solution
- The process of water flowing from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
- The difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution (correct)
What is the direction of water flow in osmosis?
What is the direction of water flow in osmosis?
- Through the semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration
- Against the osmotic pressure to stop the flow of solvent molecules
- From an area of low water concentration to an area of high water concentration
- From an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration (correct)
What is the osmotic pressure?
What is the osmotic pressure?
- The pressure required to break the semipermeable membrane
- The minimum pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent molecules
- The pressure required to stop the osmosis (correct)
- The pressure needed to facilitate the flow of solvent molecules
What happens when the pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure in a reverse osmosis process?
What happens when the pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure in a reverse osmosis process?
What type of water is typically used in a reverse osmosis process?
What type of water is typically used in a reverse osmosis process?
What is the primary reason for the reduction in vapor pressure of a solution when a nonvolatile solute is added?
What is the primary reason for the reduction in vapor pressure of a solution when a nonvolatile solute is added?
What is the boiling point of a solution?
What is the boiling point of a solution?
Why does the freezing point of a solution decrease when a solute is added?
Why does the freezing point of a solution decrease when a solute is added?
What type of property is vapor pressure lowering?
What type of property is vapor pressure lowering?
What happens to the vapor pressure of a solution when a nonvolatile solute is added?
What happens to the vapor pressure of a solution when a nonvolatile solute is added?
What is the effect of adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid solvent on its boiling point?
What is the effect of adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid solvent on its boiling point?
Study Notes
Colligative Properties
- Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of the solute, not its identity.
- Examples of colligative properties include vapor pressure lowering, boiling-point elevation, and freezing-point depression.
Vapor Pressure Lowering
- Nonvolatile solutes reduce the ability of surface solvent molecules to escape the liquid, resulting in a lower vapor pressure.
- The amount of vapor pressure lowering depends on the number of solute particles.
- Solute particles take up space in a solution, decreasing the number of solvent particles on the surface, and subsequently reducing the number of solvent particles that can evaporate from the surface.
Boiling-Point Elevation
- The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid phase equals the atmospheric pressure.
- Adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid solvent decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent, requiring additional kinetic energy to raise the vapor pressure of the liquid phase to atmospheric pressure and initiate boiling.
Freezing Point Depression
- Adding a solute causes the freezing point of the solvent to become lower.
- The amount the freezing point is lowered is directly related to the amount of solute present.
- The freezing-point depression is the difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution in that solvent.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
- Osmosis is the minimum pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane.
- Solvent molecules flow across the membrane to equalize concentration, resulting in an increase in the level of the solution.
- The pressure required to stop the osmosis is called the osmotic pressure.
Reverse Osmosis
- Reverse osmosis occurs when a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied.
- This process is used to purify water, such as in the treatment of brackish water or sea water.
- The semipermeable membrane used in reverse osmosis is typically made of cellulose acetate or polymer.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the concept of colligative properties, specifically vapor pressure lowering, which depends on the concentration of solute particles in a solution. Learn how nonvolatile solutes affect the surface solvent molecules and the resulting vapor pressure.