Colligative Properties of Solutions
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Colligative Properties of Solutions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that determines the colligative properties of a solution?

  • Number of solute particles relative to solvent particles (correct)
  • Concentration of the solvent
  • Temperature of the solution
  • Type of solute particles

    • Which of the following is an example of a colligative property?

  • Viscosity
  • Osmotic pressure (correct)
  • Color
  • Conductivity

    • What is the primary function of a semipermeable membrane in osmosis?

  • To permit the passage of only solvent molecules (correct)
  • To block the passage of both solvent and solute molecules
  • To permit the passage of solute molecules
  • To permit the passage of both solvent and solute molecules

    • What is the characteristic of an isotonic solution?

    <p>It has the same osmotic pressure as physiologic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using an isotonic solution in medical applications?

    <p>To maintain the normal shape and function of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of an isotonic solution of sodium chloride?

    <p>0.9% NaCl solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason a 2.0% solution of boric acid causes rapid hemolysis?

    <p>Because it has the same osmotic pressure as blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a 2.0% boric acid solution isotonic with blood cells?

    <p>Because it has the same osmotic pressure as blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mucous lining of the eye in relation to boric acid in solution?

    <p>It acts as a semipermeable membrane to boric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the freezing point of both human blood and lacrimal fluid?

    <p>-0.52 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the hemolytic method of measuring tonicity?

    <p>Based on the liberation of oxyhemoglobin in proportion to the number of cells hemolyzed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of NaCl solution that is isotonic with both blood and lacrimal fluid?

    <p>0.9% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to red blood cells when they are suspended in a 2.0% NaCl solution?

    <p>They shrink and become wrinkled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where red blood cells swell and finally burst due to an influx of water?

    <p>Hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmotic pressure of body fluids, such as blood and lachrymal fluids, equivalent to?

    <p>0.9% NaCl solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution with an osmotic pressure higher than that of a 0.9% NaCl solution?

    <p>Hypertonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution with an osmotic pressure equal to that of a 0.9% NaCl solution?

    <p>Isotonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between iso-osmotic and isotonic?

    <p>Iso-osmotic refers to a solution's osmotic pressure, while isotonic refers to its effect on red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Colligative Properties

    • Characteristic properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute particles to the solvent particles.
    • These properties include: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, vapor-pressure lowering, and freezing point depression.

    Osmosis

    • The process through which the solvent passes through a semipermeable membrane to dilute a solution having a higher osmotic pressure.
    • Semipermeable membrane permits the passage of only the solvent molecules, not the solute molecules.

    Isotonic Solutions

    • Solutions that contain the same concentration of water and solutes as the cell cytoplasm.
    • The isotonic solution has the same osmotic pressure as the physiologic fluid and does not cause swelling or contraction of the tissues with which it comes in contact.
    • Example: 0.9% NaCl solution is isotonic with blood and lachrymal fluids.

    Physiologic Fluid

    • Body fluids, such as blood and lachrymal fluids, with an osmotic pressure corresponding to that of 0.9% NaCl solution.

    Isotonicity and Hemolysis

    • A 2.0% solution of boric acid is iso-osmotic with blood but causes rapid hemolysis because the molecules of boric acid pass freely through the erythrocyte membrane.
    • A solution is isotonic only when the blood cells are impermeable to it.

    Measurement of Tonicity

    • The hemolytic method: based on the liberation of oxyhemoglobin in direct proportion to the number of cells hemolyzed.
    • Using the colligative properties: based on a measurement of the slight temperature differences arising from differences in the vapor pressure.

    Hypertonic and Hypotonic Solutions

    • Hypertonic solution: a solution with an osmotic pressure higher than 0.9% NaCl, causing the cells to shrink and become wrinkled.
    • Hypotonic solution: a solution with an osmotic pressure lower than 0.9% NaCl, causing the cells to swell and finally burst or rupture.
    • Example: 2.0% NaCl solution is hypertonic, and 0.2% NaCl solution is hypotonic.

    Distinction between Iso-osmotic and Isotonic

    • The terms iso-osmotic and isotonic are not equivalent.
    • A solution can be iso-osmotic but not isotonic, causing hemolysis of red blood cells.

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    Description

    Learn about the colligative properties of solutions, including osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, vapor-pressure lowering, and freezing point depression. Understand the concept of osmosis and semipermeable membranes.

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