Collective Knowledge Doctrine in Policing

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What is the consequence of an officer filing a false report or lying?

Termination (correct)

Immediate promotion

Award for creativity

Paid vacation

In what situations can an officer justify filing a false report or lying?

If they believe the suspect is guilty

When it benefits an ongoing investigation

When they were following orders (correct)

If it helps protect the department

What does adequate investigation demand from officers?

Bypassing the need for fair procedures

Ignoring reasonable leads

Properly investigating by gathering evidence and interviewing witnesses (correct)

Hiding evidence from the prosecutor

What type of evidence must officers disclose to the prosecutor?

Exculpatory evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the duty of a prosecutor according to Brady v. Maryland?

To disclose all information to defense Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the level of intrusiveness in police conduct during searches?

The level of trustworthiness of the information available to the officers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the Inevitable Discovery rule?

To allow evidence obtained through lawful means even if officers initially erred. Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would evidence seized in violation of a search warrant not be admitted?

If the initial discovery was through unconstitutional means. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Collateral Proceedings exception to the exclusionary rule differ from its application at trial?

It permits using illegally obtained evidence to remove children from an unfit parent's custody. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Comm v. O’Connor case in relation to evidence found through a pat frisk?

The case upheld the evidence found through a pat frisk due to the subsequent placement into protective custody. Signup and view all the answers

What doctrine allows police officers to conduct a vehicle stop, make an arrest, or engage in a search based on collective knowledge?

Collective Knowledge Doctrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Independent Source rule in relation to evidence obtained by officers?

To allow legitimate evidence to stand even if it stemmed from an unconstitutional activity. Signup and view all the answers

What do officers primarily rely on during their observations and investigations?

Visual, Olfactory, and Auditory Perception Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'inevitable discovery' impact the admissibility of evidence obtained through unlawful means?

It allows for the admission of such evidence if it would have been discovered legally eventually. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario does the nature of an area become relevant according to the text?

When it is a 'high crime' area Signup and view all the answers

Which legal case mentioned in the text involved gang detectives who failed to tie their observations to the area and activity being investigated?

Comm v. Evelyn Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity may prompt officers to develop a Reasonable Suspicion (RS) according to the text?

'Out of character' activities for a particular location Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances may an officer be reinstated after a suspension by POST?

If retraining conditions have been completed Signup and view all the answers

In which situation was a detention upheld based on an officer observing an individual working on a motor vehicle in a motel parking lot late at night?

'Comm v. Patti' Signup and view all the answers

What standard of evidence does POST require to decertify or suspend an officer?

Clear & convincing evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criteria for decertification or suspension of an officer related to repeated internal affairs complaints?

Sustained complaints for different offenses Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended prior to making an arrest based on a warrant from the warrant management system?

Checking the warrant management system to ensure the warrant is still valid Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to execute an arrest warrant in the Commonwealth?

State troopers, sheriffs, and constables Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of a warrant in the context of charging offenders with crimes?

Increases the likelihood of arrest validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for involuntary commitment according to Ch. 123 s. 12 of the Mental Health Emergency?

Inability to protect self Signup and view all the answers

Who issues a commitment order in an emergency situation?

Clinician Signup and view all the answers

What action should officers take when a clinician has issued a commitment order?

Transport the individual to a local facility Signup and view all the answers

Under which category do street officers make the decision to take an Emotionally Disturbed Person (EDP) into custody?

Category 3 Signup and view all the answers

What should officers do if exigent circumstances make consulting with a clinician impractical?

Force entry into the home Signup and view all the answers

Why may officers enter a private home to place an EDP into protective custody?

On the orders of a clinician Signup and view all the answers