Cold War Overview & Key Events
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Which country was NOT mentioned as a Soviet satellite state?

  • Germany (correct)
  • Romania
  • Hungary
  • Poland

    • Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain speech suggested that Europe was united under democratic principles.

    False

    What did Stalin accuse Churchill of trying to do following the Iron Curtain speech?

    Stir up a world against the Soviet Union.

    Soviet satellite states were primarily controlled from __________.

    <p>Moscow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conferences with their key agreements:

    <p>Tehran = Planning for the final stages of WWII Yalta = UN establishment and division of Germany Potsdam = Fine-tuning of post-war Europe and reparations Iron Curtain Speech = Division between East and West Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main effect of the Iron Curtain Speech?

    <p>It illustrated a clear tension between Eastern and Western nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Red Army significantly reduced its military presence in Eastern Europe after World War II.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did the Soviets use to establish control in Eastern European countries?

    <p>Arresting opposition leaders and rigging elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of COMECON?

    <p>To encourage economic development among communist states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Berlin Blockade lasted from 1948 to 1949.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries were members of COMECON?

    <p>USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, East Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The currency agreed upon by Britain, France, and the USA for their zones was called the ______.

    <p>Deutschmark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>COMECON = Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Marshall Plan = U.S. initiative to aid Western Europe Berlin Blockade = Soviet attempt to cut off access to West Berlin Trizoner = Combined zones of Western Allies in Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Stalin oppose the Marshall Plan?

    <p>He did not want the USA to gain influence in Eastern Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    COMECON encouraged member states to trade extensively with the USA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Allied powers hope to achieve by rebuilding Germany’s economy?

    <p>They hoped it would be a better trading partner and resist communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Khrushev's main demands regarding West Berlin?

    <p>To withdraw Western troops from West Berlin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Berlin Wall was built to encourage East Berliners to travel to the West.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason the Soviets wanted to maintain control over East Germany?

    <p>To stop the flooding of refugees to West Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Khrushev argued that building the Berlin Wall was necessary for the security of the __________.

    <p>Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following leaders with their respective countries during the Berlin Wall crisis:

    <p>Khrushev = Soviet Union Kennedy = United States Eisenhower = United States East Germany = German Democratic Republic (GDR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events happened on August 13, 1961?

    <p>The Berlin Wall was built</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More than 250,000 people escaped from East to West Berlin before the wall was built.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did the Berlin Wall remain in place?

    <p>Until 1989</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Hungarian Uprising?

    <p>It demonstrated the limits of peaceful co-existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U2 incident occurred after a successful Paris summit.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the U2 aircraft?

    <p>Spy on Soviet military operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On May 1, 1960, an American U2 spy plane was shot down over the __________.

    <p>Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their outcomes:

    <p>Hungarian Uprising = Strengthened USSR's authority U2 Incident = Collapse of the Paris summit Gary Powers = Captured pilot Khurshev's response = Demanded an apology from the US</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to pilot Gary Powers after the U2 was shot down?

    <p>He was captured and admitted to spying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U2 incident was seen as a success for the United States.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U2 aircraft was used by the CIA to detect Soviet long range __________ and missile sites.

    <p>bombers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main effect of Kennedy's visit to Berlin in 1963?

    <p>It angered the Soviets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cuban Missile Crisis was mainly caused by the tensions between the USA and Cuba.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the dictator that was overthrown in Cuba in 1959?

    <p>Fidel Castro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Soviet invasion of _____ in 1968 demonstrated their firm action in Eastern Europe.

    <p>Czechoslovakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following countries with their relevant historical context:

    <p>Cuba = Fidel Castro's Communist regime Czechoslovakia = Soviet invasion in 1968 USA = Kennedy's Ich bin ein Berliner speech USSR = Khrushchev's leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a change the Czechs wanted under their opposition to Soviet rule?

    <p>Increased military presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Soviet control over Czechoslovakia included significant influence over its economy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two qualities did the Czechs desire concerning their political system?

    <p>Political parties and the ability to vote freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country criticized the invasion of the Czech Republic by USSR forces?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Brezhnev Doctrine stated that communist countries had a duty to intervene if hostile forces tried to turn a communist country towards capitalism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the USSR to seek détente during the 1963-1971 period?

    <p>Breakdown of relations with China and desire to reduce tensions with the USA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the détente years, the first ______ Nixon-Brezhnev Summit was planned.

    <p>Summit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following countries with their actions during the Brezhnev Doctrine's implementation:

    <p>Romania = Refused to send forces Albania = Left the Warsaw Pact China = Criticized the invasion Yugoslavia = Opposed the doctrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a common reason for both the USSR and the USA to pursue détente?

    <p>Desire to reduce the risk of nuclear war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The establishment of a nuclear weapons agreement between East and West Germany made the USSR feel more threatened.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic challenge was the USA facing during the 1970s that influenced its approach to détente?

    <p>Rising inflation and the cost of the Vietnam War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cold War Summary

    • The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the US and the USSR from roughly 1947 to 1991.
    • It was characterized by ideological conflict, proxy wars, and a global arms race.
    • The Cold War followed World War II, and involved long term rivalry between communism and capitalism.

    Reasons for the Cold War

    • Long-term rivalry between communism and capitalism.
    • Disagreements during World War II.
    • Differences in the attitudes of Truman and Stalin.

    Early Cold War Developments

    • Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe after World War II.
    • Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech.
    • Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.
    • Cominform and Comecon.
    • Berlin Crisis of 1948-49.
    • Creation of NATO and two Germanys.
    • Impact of the Korean War.
    • Khrushchev's policy of peaceful coexistence.
    • Development of proxy conflicts across the globe.

    Cold War Features

    • Features of a proper war such as two rival sides - capitalism (West) vs. communism (East);
    • Propaganda
    • Espionage (spying)
    • Arms race (building more powerful weapons)
    • The Cold War, however, never escalated into a large-scale military conflict.

    Mutual Mistrust

    • Western countries distrusted the USSR.
    • Soviets distrusted the West and the Capitalist system.
    • 1918-1919 Western support of anti-communist forces in Russia's civil war fueled mistrust.

    Peace Conferences

    • Tehran (1943) - agreement on strategy and alliances.
    • Yalta (1945) - agreements on post-war Germany and Eastern Europe, including free elections.
    • Potsdam (1945) - final decisions on Germany's division and punishment of war criminals, and the future of Poland, and other Eastern European countries.

    Conflicting Aims in Central and Eastern Europe

    • Western Allies desired democracy and free elections.
    • USSR wanted a "buffer zone" of sympathetic states that acted as a protective barrier.

    Berlin Blockade and Airlift

    • Soviets blockaded West Berlin in 1948 to pressure the Western Allies into giving up the city.
    • Western Allies responded with the Berlin Airlift.
    • Eventually, the blockade was lifted due to the supply and delivery effort.

    Formation of Military Alliances

    • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) in 1949. This was intended to defend against communist aggression.
    • Warsaw Pact in 1955. This was formed as a counter-alliance by USSR to respond to NATO.

    The Truman Doctrine and The Marshall Plan

    • Truman Doctrine (1947) pledged aid to countries threatened by communist expansion.
    • Marshall Plan (1947) provided economic aid to rebuild European economies.
    • The plan aimed to prevent communist expansion and improve the living standards of those who received this.

    Hungarian Uprising (1956)

    • Demonstrations in Hungary in 1956 calling for reforms led to Soviet intervention.
    • The USSR crushed the uprising which meant the reestablishment of communist control in Hungary.

    Czech Crisis (1968)

    • Czechoslovakia attempted reforms, the Soviet Union invaded the country and ended the reforms.

    The Berlin Crisis and Wall

    • Construction of Berlin Wall (1961) aimed to prevent the flow of refugees from East to West.
    • The wall was a major symbol of the division in Europe during the Cold War.

    Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

    • A tense standoff between the US and the USSR regarding Soviet missiles in Cuba.
    • Brinkmanship (the willingness to go to the brink of nuclear war)
    • Crisis was resolved without nuclear war through diplomatic negotiations.

    Détente (1963-1979)

    • Period of easing tensions between the US and USSR.
    • Increased trade and cultural exchanges.
    • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT).

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    Cold War Notes Lesson 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the Cold War period from 1947 to 1991, highlighting its main features, causes, and significant developments. Explore the ideological tensions between communism and capitalism, as well as key events such as the Berlin Crisis and the formation of NATO. Test your knowledge of this critical era in global history.

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