Cold War: Key Terms and Events
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Questions and Answers

What is the United Nations?

International organization responsibility to preserve the peace and security

What are Satellite Nations?

Countries under communist rule, but not part of USSR land mass (ex. Eastern Europe)

What was the Iron Curtain?

Divide between communist and democratic nations in Europe

What was the Yalta Conference?

<p>Meeting between 'Big Three' to plan post-war world</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Containment?

<p>The policy or process of preventing the expansion of a hostile power</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Truman Doctrine?

<p>About Greece and Turkey, $400 million to fight spread of communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Marshall Plan?

<p>Economic Aid to rebuild Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were known as the 'Big Three'?

<p>USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Kennan?

<p>U.S. Ambassador to USSR, writes the Long Telegram</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the Cold War.

<p>(1945-1990), a time where tension is high between the USA and the Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does USSR stand for?

<p>Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was decided at the Potsdam Conference?

<p>Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Long Telegram?

<p>Message explaining Kennan's views of the Soviets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Berlin Airlift?

<p>(June 1948-May 1949), Soviet Blockade of West Berlin. Allies drop 2 million tons of supplies to the city</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Warsaw Pact?

<p>About the Soviet Union, military alliance in Eastern Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the events of the Korean War.

<p>North Korea invaded South Korea, driving U.N. forces below 38th parallel (dividing line splitting North and South), then July 1953 Armistice signed, Korea divided at Demilitarized zone (DMZ) =38th parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Harry Truman?

<p>President at start of Cold War, During Korean War and Chinese Revolution. Sets up post-war world</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Marshall?

<p>U.S. Secretary of State after WW2, creates Marshall Plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mao Zedong?

<p>Communist leader of China</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Chiang Kai-Shek?

<p>Nationalist leader of China</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Douglas MacArthur?

<p>General in Korean War, fired by President Truman for Insubordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Blockade mean?

<p>To block or keep out</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Insubordination mean?

<p>Not following instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Armistice?

<p>Cease fire or stop fighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HUAC stand for, and what did they do?

<p>(House committee on un-American activities), investigate 'un-American' activities in U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Scare?

<p>Fear of communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Hollywood 10?

<p>(1947), 10 screenwriters blacklisted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alger Hiss?

<p>(1948), State department employee accused of being a communist spy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Rosenbergs?

<p>Julius and Ethel, accused of being communist party members and selling nuclear secrets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph McCarthy?

<p>(1950), Wisconsin Senator known as a communist hunter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to be Blacklisted?

<p>Cancelled, kicked out of groups and no one will hire them for work</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what Massive Retaliation is.

<p>Threaten to use Nuclear weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what Brinkmanship is.

<p>Willingness to go to the brink of war</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the CIA?

<p>Government agency who ran secret missions in their countries to overthrow government</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Sputnik?

<p>First artificial satellite to orbit Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

<p>Containment plan in the Middle East</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the U2 Spy Plane Incident?

<p>U2 spy plane shot down over Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Richard Nixon?

<p>Famous for being on HUAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Dwight Eisenhower?

<p>Former WW2 General, elected president 1952</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Nikita Khrushchev?

<p>Leader of Soviet Union during 1950's, takes over after Stalins death</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Foster Dulles?

<p>Ike's Secretary of State</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Francis Gary Powers?

<p>Pilot shot down over Soviet Union (U2 spy plane incident)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ike?

<p>Eisenhower</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

United Nations

International organization to preserve peace and security.

Satellite Nations

Countries under communist rule, but not part of the USSR land mass.

Iron Curtain

Divide between communist and democratic nations in Europe.

Yalta Conference

Meeting between USA, Great Britain and Soviet Union (the "Big Three") to plan post-war world.

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Containment

Preventing the expansion of a hostile power.

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Truman Doctrine

$400 million to Greece and Turkey to fight the spread of communism.

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Marshall Plan

Economic aid to rebuild Europe.

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Big Three

USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union

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George Kennan

U.S. Ambassador to USSR, writes the Long Telegram.

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Cold War

Time of high tension between the USA and the Soviet Union (1945-1990).

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USSR

Soviet Union

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Potsdam Conference

Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones.

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Long Telegram

Message explaining Kennan's views of the Soviets.

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Berlin Airlift

Allies drop 2 million tons of supplies to West Berlin due to Soviet Blockade. (June 1948-May 1949).

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NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, A mutual defense alliance.

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Warsaw Pact

Soviet Union's, military alliance in Eastern Europe.

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Korean War

North Korea invaded South Korea, driving U.N. forces below the 38th parallel

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Harry Truman

President at start of Cold War, Korean War and Chinese Revolution. Sets up post-war world.

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George Marshall

U.S. Secretary of State after WW2, creates Marshall Plan.

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Mao Zedong

Communist leader of China.

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Chiang Kai-Shek

Nationalist leader of China.

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Douglas MacArthur

General in Korean War, fired by President Truman for Insubordination.

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Blockade

To block or keep out

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Insubordination

Not following instructions.

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Armistice

Cease fire or stop fighting.

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HUAC

Investigate "un-American" activities in U.S.

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Red Scare

Fear of communism.

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Hollywood 10

10 screenwriters blacklisted.

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Alger Hiss

State department employee accused of being a communist spy.

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Rosenbergs

Accused of being communist party members and selling nuclear secrets.

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Study Notes

  • These flashcards cover key terms, people, and events related to the Cold War period.

Organizations and Treaties

  • United Nations: An international organization founded to promote peace and security.
  • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): A mutual defense alliance formed by democratic nations.
  • Warsaw Pact: A military alliance of Eastern European countries under Soviet influence.

Key Concepts of the Cold War

  • Satellite Nations: Countries under communist rule but outside the USSR, primarily in Eastern Europe.
  • Iron Curtain: The ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into communist and democratic areas.
  • Containment: A policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism.
  • Massive Retaliation: A strategy of threatening to use nuclear weapons in response to aggression.
  • Brinkmanship: The practice of pushing dangerous events to the verge of war.

Conferences and Agreements

  • Yalta Conference: A meeting of the "Big Three" to plan the post-World War II world.
  • Potsdam Conference: A meeting that resulted in the division of Germany and Berlin into four zones.
  • Armistice: A cease-fire or agreement to stop fighting, such as the one signed in the Korean War.

Aid Programs and Doctrines

  • Truman Doctrine: Provided $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey to combat the spread of communism.
  • Marshall Plan: An economic aid program to rebuild Europe after World War II.
  • Eisenhower Doctrine: A containment strategy focused on the Middle East.

Key Figures

  • "Big Three": The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.
  • George Kennan: U.S. Ambassador to the USSR, known for writing the "Long Telegram" which outlined his views on the Soviets.
  • Harry Truman: U.S. President at the beginning of the Cold War, during the Korean War and the Chinese Revolution; he shaped the post-war world.
  • George Marshall: U.S. Secretary of State who created the Marshall Plan.
  • Mao Zedong: The communist leader of China.
  • Chiang Kai-Shek: The nationalist leader of China.
  • Douglas MacArthur: A general in the Korean War, later fired by President Truman for insubordination.
  • Joseph McCarthy: A Wisconsin Senator known for his anti-communist efforts during the Red Scare.
  • Dwight Eisenhower (Ike): A former World War II general elected president in 1952.
  • Nikita Khrushchev: The leader of the Soviet Union in the 1950s, succeeding Stalin.
  • John Foster Dulles: Secretary of State under President Eisenhower.
  • Richard Nixon: Noted for his involvement with HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee).
  • Francis Gary Powers: The pilot of the U-2 spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union.

Events

  • Cold War: A period of high tension between the USA and the Soviet Union from 1945-1990.
  • Berlin Airlift: From June 1948 to May 1949, Allies delivered 2 million tons of supplies to West Berlin in response to a Soviet blockade.
  • Korean War: North Korea invaded South Korea, leading to U.N. intervention and a division of Korea at the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) along the 38th parallel after an armistice in July 1953.
  • U-2 Spy Plane Incident: A U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union.

Espionage and Internal Security

  • Long Telegram: A message detailing George Kennan's views on the Soviets.
  • HUAC (House Committee on Un-American Activities): Investigated "un-American" activities in the U.S.
  • Red Scare: A period of intense fear of communism.
  • Hollywood 10: Ten screenwriters who were blacklisted in 1947.
  • Alger Hiss: A State Department employee accused of being a communist spy in 1948.
  • Rosenbergs: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of being communist party members and selling nuclear secrets.
  • CIA: A government agency that conducted secret missions to overthrow governments in other countries.
  • Sputnik: The first artificial satellite to orbit Earth.

Other Important Terms

  • USSR: The Soviet Union.
  • Blockade: To obstruct or prevent access.
  • Insubordination: Failure to follow instructions.
  • Blacklisted: Being cancelled or excluded from employment and social groups.

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Explore key terms, people, organizations, and events of the Cold War. Review the United Nations, NATO, and Warsaw Pact, understanding their roles in shaping global politics. Learn about concepts like containment, massive retaliation, and the Iron Curtain.

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