Cold War: Key Events, Figures & Organizations
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Questions and Answers

What is the United Nations?

International organization responsible to preserve the peace and security.

What are Satellite Nations?

Countries under communist rule, but not part of USSR land mass (ex. Eastern Europe).

What was the Iron Curtain?

Divide between communist and democratic nations in Europe.

What was the Yalta Conference?

<p>Meeting between 'Big Three' to plan post-war world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Containment?

<p>The policy or process of preventing the expansion of a hostile power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Truman Doctrine?

<p>About *Greece and *Turkey, $400 million to fight spread of communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Marshall Plan?

<p>Economic Aid to *rebuild Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the 'Big Three'?

<p>USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Kennan?

<p>U.S. Ambassador to USSR, writes the Long Telegram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Cold War?

<p>(1945-1990), a time where tension is high between the USA and the Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does USSR stand for?

<p>Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Potsdam Conference?

<p>Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Long Telegram?

<p>Message explaining Kennan's views of the Soviets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Berlin Airlift?

<p>(June 1948-May 1949), Soviet Blockade of West Berlin. Allies drop 2 million tons of supplies to the city.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NATO?

<p>(North Atlantic Treaty Organization), A mutual defense alliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Warsaw Pact?

<p>About the *Soviet Union, military alliance in Eastern Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Harry Truman?

<p>President at start of Cold War, During Korean War and Chinese Revolution. Sets up post-war world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Marshall?

<p>U.S. Secretary of State after WW2, creates Marshall Plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mao Zedong?

<p>*Communist leader of China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Chiang Kai-Shek?

<p>*Nationalist leader of China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Douglas MacArthur?

<p>General in Korean War, fired by President Truman for Insubordination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a blockade?

<p>To block or keep out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is insubordination?

<p>Not following instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an armistice?

<p>Cease fire or stop fighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Scare?

<p>Fear of communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Hollywood 10?

<p>(1947), 10 screenwriters blacklisted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alger Hiss?

<p>(1948), State department employee accused of being a communist spy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Rosenbergs?

<p>Julius and Ethel, accused of being communist party members and selling nuclear secrets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph McCarthy?

<p>(1950), *Wisconsin Senator known as a communist hunter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to be blacklisted?

<p>Cancelled, kicked out of groups and no one will hire them for work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Massive Retaliation?

<p>Threaten to use Nuclear weapons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Brinkmanship?

<p>Willingness to go to the brink of war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the CIA?

<p>Government agency who ran secret missions in their countries to overthrow government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Sputnik?

<p>First artificial satellite to orbit Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

<p>Containment plan in the Middle East.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the U2 Spy Plane Incident?

<p>U2 spy plane shot down over Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Richard Nixon?

<p>Famous for being on HUAC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Dwight Eisenhower?

<p>Former WW2 General, elected president 1952.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Nikita Khrushchev?

<p>Leader of Soviet Union during 1950's, takes over after Stalins death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Foster Dulles?

<p>Ike's Secretary of State.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Francis Gary Powers?

<p>Pilot shot down over Soviet Union (U2 spy plane incident).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ike?

<p>Eisenhower</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

United Nations

International organization to preserve peace and security.

Satellite Nations

Countries under communist rule, but not part of the USSR.

Iron Curtain

The divide between communist and democratic nations in Europe.

Yalta Conference

Meeting between the 'Big Three' to plan the post-war world.

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Containment

Preventing the expansion of a hostile power.

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Truman Doctrine

$400 million to Greece and Turkey to fight communism.

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Marshall Plan

Economic aid to rebuild Europe after WWII.

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"Big Three"

USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union.

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George Kennan

U.S. Ambassador who wrote the Long Telegram.

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Cold War

A period of high tension between the USA and the Soviet Union.

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USSR

The Soviet Union

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Potsdam Conference

Germany and Berlin were divided into 4 zones.

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Long Telegram

Message explaining Kennan's views of the Soviets.

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Berlin Airlift

Allies dropped supplies to West Berlin during the Soviet blockade.

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NATO

A mutual defense alliance formed by the US and its allies.

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Warsaw Pact

Military alliance in Eastern Europe led by the Soviet Union.

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Korean War

North Korea invaded South Korea, conflict ending in stalemate.

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Harry Truman

President at the start of the Cold War.

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George Marshall

U.S. Secretary of State who created the Marshall Plan.

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Mao Zedong

Communist leader of China.

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Chiang Kai-Shek

Nationalist leader of China.

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Douglas MacArthur

General fired by Truman during the Korean War.

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Blockade

To obstruct access to a place or area.

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Insubordination

Failure to follow instructions or orders.

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Armistice

A stop to fighting.

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HUAC

Investigated 'un-American' activities in the U.S.

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Red Scare

The fear of communism spreading.

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Hollywood 10

Screenwriters who were blacklisted.

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Alger Hiss

State department employee accused of being a communist spy.

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Rosenbergs

Accused of selling nuclear secrets to the Soviets.

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Study Notes

  • The Cold War was a period of high tension between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1945-1990.

Key Organizations and Concepts

  • The United Nations is an international organization with the aim of preserving peace and security.
  • Satellite Nations were countries under communist rule but not part of the USSR, like those in Eastern Europe.
  • The Iron Curtain symbolized the divide between communist and democratic nations in Europe.
  • Containment was a policy to prevent a hostile power from expanding its influence.

Key Figures

  • Harry Truman was the U.S. President at the start of the Cold War, during the Korean War, and the Chinese Revolution, and helped shape the post-war world.
  • George Marshall was the U.S. Secretary of State after WW2 who developed the Marshall Plan.
  • George Kennan, U.S. Ambassador to the USSR, wrote the Long Telegram.
  • Mao Zedong was the communist leader of China.
  • Chiang Kai-Shek was the nationalist leader of China.
  • Douglas MacArthur, a General in the Korean War, was fired by President Truman for insubordination.
  • Joseph McCarthy was a Wisconsin Senator known for his anti-communist pursuits.
  • Richard Nixon was prominent for his involvement with HUAC.
  • Dwight Eisenhower, former WW2 General, was elected president in 1952.
  • Nikita Khrushchev led the Soviet Union in the 1950s after Stalin's death.
  • John Foster Dulles served as Eisenhower's Secretary of State.
  • Francis Gary Powers was the pilot shot down during the U2 spy plane incident over the Soviet Union.

Key Meetings

  • At the Yalta Conference the "Big Three" (USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union) met to plan the post-war world.
  • The Potsdam Conference resulted in Germany and Berlin being divided into 4 zones.

Key Documents

  • The Long Telegram conveyed George Kennan's views of the Soviets.

Aid Plans and Doctrines

  • The Truman Doctrine provided $400 million to Greece and Turkey to combat the spread of communism.
  • The Marshall Plan offered economic aid to rebuild Europe
  • The Eisenhower Doctrine focused on containment in the Middle East.

Conflicts and Alliances

  • The Berlin Airlift (June 1948-May 1949) involved Allies dropping 2 million tons of supplies to West Berlin in response to the Soviet blockade.
  • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a mutual defense alliance.
  • The Warsaw Pact was a Soviet-led military alliance in Eastern Europe.
  • The Korean War began with North Korea's invasion of South Korea, leading to U.N. forces being pushed below the 38th parallel; the July 1953 armistice established the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) at the 38th parallel

Domestic Issues

  • HUAC (House Committee on Un-American Activities) investigated "un-American" activities in the U.S..
  • The Red Scare was a period of fear of communism.
  • The Hollywood 10 were 10 screenwriters who were blacklisted in 1947.
  • Alger Hiss, a State Department employee, was accused of being a communist spy in 1948.
  • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of being communist party members and selling nuclear secrets.

Military Strategies

  • Massive Retaliation involved threatening to use nuclear weapons.
  • Brinkmanship meant a willingness to go to the brink of war.
  • The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) was a government agency that conducted secret missions in other countries to potentially overthrow governments.

Technological Developments

  • Sputnik was the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth

Espionage

  • The U2 Spy Plane Incident involved a U2 spy plane being shot down over the Soviet Union.

Definitions

  • Blockade means to obstruct or prevent access.
  • Insubordination means failing to follow instructions.
  • Armistice means a cease-fire or cessation of fighting.
  • Blacklisted means being excluded from groups and denied employment.

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Explore the Cold War (1945-1990) between the US and the Soviet Union. The United Nations' quest for peace and security. Key figures like Truman, Marshall, Kennan, Zedong, and MacArthur shaped this era.

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