Coherence and Correspondence Theories of Truth

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of individuals in late adulthood regarding their life reflections?

They look back to achieve a sense of integrity. (correct)

They network extensively for future opportunities.

They often experience extreme new ambitions.

They tend to focus on feeling egocentric.

What do individuals in Stage 4 of moral development focus on?

Personal desires over social order.

The importance of maintaining social order and following laws. (correct)

Changeable nature of laws and rules.

Seeking personal gain through ethical principles.

In which stage do individuals begin to understand the concept of conservation?

Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights.

Post-Conventional Level.

Pre-Conventional Level.

Concrete Operational stage. (correct)

Which statement accurately describes moral reasoning in the Post-Conventional Level?

It considers universal principles and ethical standards. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant focus of individuals reflecting during late adulthood?

Finding fulfillment through societal contribution. Signup and view all the answers

At which developmental stage do individuals start to understand that laws should be changed if they do not uphold individual rights?

Post-Conventional Level Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Formal Operational stage of development?

Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the developmental tasks according to Robert Havighurst's theory?

Develop financial independence Signup and view all the answers

What happens when individuals fail to complete developmental tasks at a stage?

They become dissatisfied and unhappy Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of moral reasoning at Stage 6 of development?

Universal ethical principles Signup and view all the answers

What term does Plato use to describe the lowest form of cognition?

Imaging Signup and view all the answers

According to Socrates, why is every soul considered immortal?

Because that which moves itself is immortal Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of belief (pistis) in the context of cognition?

It is based on perception of ordinary physical objects Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of reality does the thought segment of cognition engage with?

Intangible concepts Signup and view all the answers

What does Plato suggest is a fundamental characteristic of the human person?

An immortal soul that is the source of movement Signup and view all the answers

In philosophical inquiry, what question does the concept of 'Who is the human person?' provoke?

What defines human nature? Signup and view all the answers

What does the Coherence Theory of Truth emphasize?

Truth consists in its coherence with a set of propositions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate understanding of the image in imaging (eikasia)?

It represents the most primitive opinions formed Signup and view all the answers

According to the Correspondence Theory of Truth, what determines the truth of a belief?

The existence of an appropriate entity that corresponds to it. Signup and view all the answers

What concept does the term 'ontological' relate to in this context?

The study of being and existence Signup and view all the answers

What is the main premise of William Clifford's essay regarding belief?

Beliefs should always have sufficient evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Pragmatic Theory of Truth suggest about the nature of truth?

Truth can vary based on what is useful to different individuals. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Pragmatic Theory of Truth, what is the main factor that determines the truth of a proposition?

Its usefulness to the believer. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key criticism of the Coherence Theory of Truth?

It cannot account for empirical evidence. Signup and view all the answers

How does Plato differentiate between opinion and intellect?

Opinion and intellect are distinct concepts. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of beliefs as stated in the content?

They should be supported by observable facts. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of beliefs, what does the term 'propositional attitude' refer to?

The stance one takes toward the propositions of belief. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of belief as discussed?

Beliefs represent mental states directed toward propositions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of equating evidence to truth?

It leads to confusion between belief and fact. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Coherence Theory address the concept of truth?

It argues that truths are constructed through rational inquiry. Signup and view all the answers

What does the content imply about the relationship between beliefs and evidence?

Support from evidence is essential for belief assent. Signup and view all the answers

What distinction does the content make about the human person?

The human person is described as an immortal soul. Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the Pragmatic Theory of Truth carry regarding beliefs?

The validity of beliefs can shift based on their utility. Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'S believes that P is true' represent?

A representation of belief. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Theories of Truth

Coherence Theory of Truth: Truth depends on the consistency of beliefs within a specified set of propositions.
Correspondence Theory of Truth: A belief is true if it corresponds to an appropriate fact or reality.
Pragmatic Theory of Truth: Truth is determined by the usefulness of a belief and its practical consequences.

Nature of Belief

Beliefs are mental states shaped by an individual's attitude toward a proposition.
The structure “S believes that P” identifies the believer (S) and the proposition (P) associated with their belief.
Truth conditions are based on the relationship between propositions and the reality they represent.

William Clifford's Ethics of Belief

Asserts it is wrong to believe anything without sufficient evidence.
Highlights the necessity of evidence to support beliefs to avoid misguided convictions.

Plato's Distinction of Opinion and Intellect

Opinion (Doxa): Personal and unsupported belief that may lack a factual basis.
Differentiates between varying degrees of knowledge regarding objects of concern.

Four Distinct Segments of Cognition

Imaging (Eikasia): Lowest form of cognition, based on images and primitive perceptions.
Belief (Pistis): Based on physical objects and perceptions, though more reliable than imaging.
Thought: Engages with the intelligible realm, facilitating reflection and higher understanding.

Human Person as an Immortal Soul

Socratic view from Plato: The soul is immortal and the source of movement.
The human person is defined as having an inner essence (soul) that drives existence.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Describes six stages of moral reasoning, divided into three levels: Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional.
Pre-Conventional Level: Focuses on self-interest and consequences.
Conventional Level: Emphasis on social order and following laws.
Post-Conventional Level: Centers on universal ethical principles and individual rights.

Developmental Tasks in Late Adulthood

Achieving mature relationships, social roles, and emotional independence are critical tasks.
Failure to complete these tasks can lead to dissatisfaction and lack of societal approval.

Robert Havighurst's Developmental Task Theory

Outlines eight developmental tasks crucial for personal growth and societal integration during late adolescence.
Tasks include gaining social responsibility, preparing for family life, and developing a system of values.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the concepts of Coherence Theory of Truth and its critique regarding the validation of assertions. This quiz delves into the relationship between truth and consistency, alongside a comparison of the Correspondence Theory of Truth.