Untitled Quiz

Media and Digital/Cyber Literacy

• Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media.
• Media literate individuals can understand complex messages from various media like television, radio, internet, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, video games, music, and more.
• Media Literacy is the ability to critically assess information accuracy and validity presented by media.
• It involves media education, or realizing all media represents a version of reality, along with performing effective internet searches, respecting copyright laws, and identifying truth from fake news.
• Media literacy involves helping students develop critical and informed understanding of mass media, techniques and impact.

Advantages of Media

• Media educates on health, environmental conservation, and various other topics.
• Media provides access to the latest world news regardless of location, very quickly.
• Media allows people to explore their hidden talents in areas like multimedia and visual arts, comedy, acting, dancing, and singing.
• Media enhances knowledge through quiz programs, educational shows, and informative programs.
• Media offers convenience in accessing information using mobile phones.
• Media can boost sales as a tool to advertise and promote products.
• Media provides excellent forms of entertainment.
• Media can reduce costs for mass education by allowing for the electronic duplication of information.
• Media leads to the diffusion of diverse cultures and cultural practices.
• Media facilitates understanding and respect between people across the world.

Disadvantages of Media

• Media can promote individualism.
• Media content may not be suitable for all age groups, especially children.
• Media outlets may have geographical limitations with news coverage and distribution.
• Media may include excessive advertisements that can be distracting, or even deceptive.
• Media can provide a platform for scams, fraud, and hacking.
• Media can become an addictive behavior leading to a decrease in productivity.
• Media can cause health problems including but not limited to: radiation effects, poor eyesight, hearing damage.
• Media use can promote drug and alcohol use.
• Media often shows stunts that can negatively influence viewers leading to personal injury from imitation.
• Media can be used to damage reputation using anonymous accounts and spreading malicious scandals and rumors.

Media and Information Literacy (MIL)

• Media and Information Literacy is a combination of skills, knowledge, practices, and attitudes necessary to effectively access, analyze, evaluate, produce and communicate information via various media, in creative and ethical ways that respect human rights.
• MIL involves a set of competencies for searching, critically evaluating, using and contributing information and media content responsibly.

Seven Dimensions of MIL

• Tool Literacy: The ability to understand and use current information technology.
• Resource Literacy: Understanding the format, location, and access methods of information resources.
• Social-Structural Literacy: Comprehension of how society shapes information and how it relates in different contexts.
• Research Literacy: Ability to understand and use technology for research.
• Publishing Literacy: Ability to format and publish research and ideas online.
• Emerging Technology Literacy: Ability to adapt, understand, evaluate and use new technologies.
• Critical Literacy: Ability to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and implications of information technologies.

Integrating Media Literacy into the Curriculum

• Teach students how to evaluate media, noting it may vary based on the creator.
• Guide students on reliable digital resources and databases for research.
• In discussions, help students compare and contrast different media sources.
• Discuss how media edits and alters content and to be critical readers.
• Teach students how to analyze "truths" in advertisements and identify the persuasiveness techniques used by creators.
• Encourage students to create various media forms suitable to their level (presentations, videos, websites).
• Discuss and demonstrate different media formats.

Media Skills

• Students need skills to reflect on and analyze their media use habits.
• Students need skills to identify the purpose and point of view of media in commercial work, film, television, and radio productions.
• Students need skills to identify and evaluate the production techniques used in media to identify the quality of media's representation.

Approaches to Teaching Media Literacy

• Media Arts Education Approach: Values aesthetics of media and art, and uses creativity for expression.
• Media Literacy Movement Approach: Expands literacy to popular culture and multimedia.
• Critical Media Literacy Approach: Emphasizes ideology critique and politics of representation.

Key Concepts in Media Literacy

• Media are constructions: Media products are created based on conscious and unconscious decisions regarding content and presentation.
• The audience negotiates meaning: Media meaning is a collaborative process between creators and audiences.
• Media have commercial implications: Media is a business driven by profit and corporate influence on content and distribution.
• Media have social and political implications: Media carries ideological messages about values, impacting how people think.
• Each medium has a unique aesthetic form: The content of media is influenced by its specific technical, commercial and storytelling demands.

Digital Literacy

• Digital literacy is the collection of competencies and skills for participating fully in society, using digital tech for communication, expression, collaboration, and advocacy.
• Digital literacy involves safely navigating the digital world knowing what to do and avoid.

Cybersecurity

• Cybersecurity is protecting systems, networks and programs from digital attacks, preventing sensitive information access or alteration and/or interrupting business processes.
• Cybercitizenship is using the internet responsibly.

Ways to be a Good Cyber Citizen

• Be mindful and critical of posted content, especially tagging for public visibility in supposed "private" areas.
• Avoid publicly airing disagreements.
• Correct and verify information when sharing.
• Use media responsibly to get help, report problems with trusted adults.
• Referencing information accurately when using online sources to avoid Plagiarism.

Internet Safety

• Phishing: Scammers posing as trustworthy entities to obtain sensitive information.
• Internet Scams: Schemes to deceive users in various ways, to take advantage.
• Malware: Malicious software disguising itself (particularly spyware), collects and transmits private information without consent.
• Cyberbullying: Electronic harassment, slander, threats, monitoring or false accusations.
• Cyberstalking: Stalking, harassment, or intimidation using the internet.
• Online Predation: Engaging minors in inappropriate sexual activity.
• Obscene/Offensive Content: Content deemed disturbing or offensive.
• Sextortion: Cybercriminals posing as an attractive person, for inappropriate communication.

Computer Threats and Solutions

• Anti-virus software: Essential for all computers. Update to prevent vulnerabilities. Firewall: Protects network entry points from unwanted traffic. Filter emails: Prevent known harmful file extensions. Educate users about suspicious emails.
• Scan downloads before opening them to prevent viruses. Avoid unknown software.
• Implement a vulnerability management system to address new threats. Regular critical data backups are crucial.
• Develop an information security policy to outline safety protocols.
• Monitor logs and systems to identify any issues. Develop an incident response plan. Limit the access level as necessary, restricting unnecessary access points.

Cyberbullying and Cybercrime

• Cyberbullying: A form of harassment using electronic means, commonly among teenagers.
• Cyberstalking: Electronic stalking or harassment.
• Cybercrime: Criminal activity performed using computers or the internet. This can be one-time or ongoing crimes.

Exploring the Internet

• Proper use of keywords for searching on the web.
• Good research strategies like asking questions about the topic area when searching.
• Avoid biased information when searching for credible sources like educational and governmental sites ending in ".edu," or ".gov" or ".org".
• Critical evaluation and acknowledgment of source materials.
• Citation of sources in any form of written or multimedia work.

Exploring the Internet: Research and Evaluation Methods

• Review website author, date, purpose, contact info, to evaluate credibility.
• Ensure appropriate data is present, and if it is not, get author's/site's permission.
  • Evaluate data for accuracy, reliability, and avoiding biases.
• Understand and apply proper citation usage.

Ways to Avoid Plagiarism

• Understand and read the original source several times, before summarizing, paraphrasing or citing.
• Verify sources before using, ensuring they are credible and reliable.
• Cite all sources including authors, the original work or article, and the date of retrieval.
• Use quotes, proper formatting, paraphrasing, and summarizing of the source material from the author.

How to Evaluate Websites

• Open sites in new tabs for easy access.
• Skim-read the website text before proceeding, if it is too complicated to understand, seek better resources.
• Determine if the requested information or answers are present and meet the need. Search or use the website search box.
• Evaluate the credibility of authors and the website (URLs, domain types, including ".gov", ".edu" or ".org"). Check the author's bio and about page.
• Consider the site's purpose and its relevance or fit with the user's needs.
• Review the date of when the information was initially written or last updated.

Integrating Digital/Cyber Literacy into the Curriculum

• Utilize interactive whiteboard for lessons.
• Allow student maintenance of blogs, wikis, or webpages.
• Promote digital communication and collaboration via emails, and/or video/chat exchanges.
• Engage students in building and publishing multimedia stories.
• Set up blog or social media accounts to facilitate weekly discussions, learning, and/or group work.
• Teach students how to utilize video, recording scientific experiments, and exposing them to media editing.
• Emphasize how to research and find and use relevant information from credible, and legitimate sites.
• Emphasize the importance of data and/or message sources, and how various media formats work.
• Require/Encourage student E-Portfolios to collect and store data for projects, messages and documentation.