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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of cognitive therapy?
Who developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy?
What is the primary focus of client-centered therapy?
Which of the following is NOT one of the key qualities in person-centered therapy?
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What term did Aron Beck use to describe thoughts that lead to negative emotions?
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What is NOT a goal of cognitive therapy?
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How does a therapist practicing client-centered therapy typically interact with their clients?
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What can be a direct consequence of faulty thinking according to cognitive therapy?
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What belief underlies the approach of client-centered therapy regarding individuals?
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How does Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy aim to assist patients?
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What role does the therapist play in client-centered therapy?
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What is a common misinterpretation that can lead to emotional disorders, according to REBT?
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What is a key method in cognitive therapy to help clients reassess their beliefs?
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Which component of the A-B-C theory represents the individual's beliefs about an activating event?
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What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
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What role does the therapist play in cognitive-behavioral therapy?
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Which of the following best describes when the eclectic therapy approach is utilized?
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In CBT, what is often the result when negative behaviors are reinforced?
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How long does cognitive-behavioral therapy typically last?
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What aspect of therapy does not get addressed in cognitive-behavioral therapy?
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Which problem is NOT typically treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Therapy
- Mental health problems are linked to faulty thinking patterns
- Founded by Albert Ellis & Aaron Beck
- Therapy identifies and corrects incorrect or distorted beliefs that contribute to disorders
- Therapist helps the patient develop healthier thinking habits
- Changing thoughts alters emotions and subsequently influences behaviour
- The goal is accurate thinking, not necessarily positive thinking
- Psychologist Aaron Beck observed depressed individuals often have negative thoughts
- Automatic negative assumptions are thoughts that drive negative emotions
- These thoughts automatically come to mind, are unchallenged & taken as true
- Goal: Modify unproductive thoughts through short-term therapy
- Guide clients to test beliefs through concrete evidence
- Therapist may challenge beliefs and guide clients to identify instances that support their claims
- Therapist may also highlight opposing evidence.
Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy
- Developed by psychologist Albert Ellis
- Referred to as REBT or RET
- Focuses on identifying flaws in a person's thinking patterns.
- Observation: Those experiencing negative emotions tend to personalize and overgeneralize their beliefs, leading to inaccurate perception of situations
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Therapy aims to:
- Challenge irrational thought patterns
- Replace irrational thoughts with rational ones
- Develop appropriate emotional reactions and behaviours
- Result from misinterpretations of environmental situations
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A-B-C theory:
- A = **Activating events, **that trigger emotions
- B = **Intervening cognitive processing, **beliefs about events between
A&C - C = **Emotions/behavioural reactions, **reaction to activation
Eclectic Approach
- The most commonly practiced approach to therapy
- Combines techniques from multiple therapies to suit individual needs
- Utilizes systematic procedures based on cognitive and behavioural principles
- Recognizes the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviours
- Ex: Negative thoughts lead to negative feelings which lead to negative behaviors
- Usually short-term
- Combines both cognitive & behavioural components
- Focuses on the present but may explore the past to understand cognitive schemata
- Directive: Therapists guide the client to identify and change cognitive errors
- Primarily behavioural: Based on principles of learning
- More cognitive: Focused on changing negative thoughts associated with disorders
- Used for various problems, including mood, anxiety, personality, eating disorders, substance abuse, attention-deficit disorders, and psychotic disorders
- Treats symptoms of the disorder, behaviours or cognitions
- Does not address underlying causes of the problem
- Negative behaviour reinforces negative thoughts and perpetuates the cycle
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Example
- Panic disorder: Patient may misunderstand feelings of anxiety as signs of a heart attack
- Avoid a particular place or social situation
- Avoidance reinforces negative thoughts
- Thoughts, feelings, and behaviour amplify and distort each other
- Goal: Stop the cycle by changing cognition or behaviour through intervention
- The client takes responsibility for treatment
- Usually lasts for 10-20 sessions
Humanistic Approach: Client-Centred Therapy
- Developed in response to more “clinical”, less individualized therapies in the 1940s and 1950s
- Developed by psychologist Carl Rogers
- Non-directive talk therapy
- Therapist provides a supportive and non-judgemental space to explore thoughts, feelings, and experiences
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Key Qualities:
- Unconditional Positive Regard: therapist accepts the client unconditionally
- Genuineness: Therapist is genuine and authentic
- Empathetic Understanding: Therapist understands the client's perspective
- Therapist avoids advice or interpretations
- Focuses on the client's perspective and helps them understand their feelings and behaviours
- Rooted in the belief that individuals possess the capacity for self-actualization and personal growth
- Trust and acceptance build self-awareness, self-acceptance, and personal empowerment
- Positions the client as the centre of the therapeutic process
- Clients are empowered to explore their thoughts, feelings, make decisions, and work towards growth.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of Cognitive Therapy, including its origins and key concepts established by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. Discover how faulty thinking patterns contribute to mental health issues and learn the techniques therapists use to challenge and modify these thoughts for healthier living.
