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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in calculating a client's age?
What must be done if the top number under Day is smaller than the bottom number?
In which step do you plot the subtest scaled scores?
What is used to find critical values for differences between index scores?
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What should be done if the difference in index scores is larger than the critical value?
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Which step involves determining the strengths and weaknesses of the client?
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For converting raw scores to scaled scores, which resource is used?
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What is generally considered unusual in index score differences?
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Which of the following traits is considered the most desirable according to the list provided?
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Which trait is likely associated with a lack of confidence?
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What personality trait would most likely be characterized by a person who is untrustworthy?
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Which of the following traits denotes an action-oriented demeanor?
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Which trait is least indicative of high emotional stability?
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Which trait is most likely related to creativity?
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Which trait could commonly describe someone who struggles with organization?
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Which of these traits is least likely to correlate with success in collaborative environments?
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What is the primary purpose of cognitive testing?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting cognitive testing?
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Binet's contribution to intelligence testing is primarily known for which aspect?
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Why is cognitive ability best measured under conditions that promote maximal performance?
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Cognitive testing also provides opportunities for what kind of observations?
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What is an example of a cognitive construct measured in cognitive testing?
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What aspect of testing did Binet aim to remove from intelligence testing?
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What is indicated by test scores in cognitive testing?
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What behavior is commonly associated with maladaptive individuals?
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How do hypersensitive individuals typically respond to their emotions?
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What is a common impact of stress on individuals described in the content?
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How do individuals described in the content generally perceive their lives?
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What tendency do individuals with maladaptive responses exhibit regarding disturbing ideas?
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What might hypersensitive individuals vividly imagine, according to the content?
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What is a characteristic thinking style of hypersensitive individuals?
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What might happen to the interpersonal interactions of those described in the content?
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What aspect of writing is assessed when participants write a paragraph or letter to the editor?
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Which task allows participants to use a pencil and paper to assist in problem solving?
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During which task are numeric mathematical problems presented with increasing difficulty?
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How is Math Facts Fluency primarily assessed?
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What skill does the Listening Comprehension task primarily evaluate?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the oral expression tasks based on age?
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What is the key focus of the Calculation tasks?
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In which task are separate tests conducted for addition, multiplication, and subtraction?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Testing
- Used to understand learning difficulties, predict occupational success, provide vocational guidance, determine access to funding, assess the extent of brain injury or response to intervention, and assist with diagnoses such as intellectual disability, specific learning disorder, and language disorder
Binet’s Revolution
- Developed the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale. This was the first successful intelligence test.
- Removed subjectivity from the practice of establishing level of cognitive functioning.
- Developed tests of increasing difficulty to be administered under controlled conditions.
- This performance-based assessment method remains largely unchanged today.
Modern Cognitive Ability Assessment
- Cognitive ability is best measured under conditions that produce maximal performance.
- "We want a pure measure, one that is determined almost wholly by one thing, the subject’s capacity, rather than a measure which is affected by several influences" - Fiske & Butler (1963, p. 253)
Cognitive Testing
- Cognitive testing provides test scores indicating the level of functioning in cognitive constructs measured (e.g., processing speed).
- Provides an opportunity for important behavioral observations of the client.
Assessment of Processing Speed
- Processing speed - the ability to perform simple cognitive tasks quickly and fluently
Calculating Test Age
- Work from right to left
- If the top number under Day is smaller than the bottom number you need to add a month (i.e., 30 days) to the top number and then take away 1 month from the top number in the month column.
- If the top number under Month is smaller than the bottom number you need to add a year (i.e., 12 months) to the top number and then take away 1 year from the top number in the year column.
- Then subtract the bottom number from the top number in each column to get the client’s test age.
Converting Raw Scores to Scaled Scores
- Use Table A.1 Scaled Score Equivalents of Total Raw Scores for Subtests, by Age Group.
Step 4: Record Sum of Scales Scores
- Record sum of scales scores in ‘Sum of Scaled Scores to Composite Score Conversion’ table
Step 5: Convert Sum of Scaled Scores to Composite Scores
- Convert sum of scaled scores to composite scores using Tables A.3 to A.7.
- Record PR and 90% CI also.
Step 6: Transfer Subtest Scales Scores
- Transfer subtest scales scores to ‘Subtest Scaled Score Profile’ and plot results.
Step 7: Transfer Composite Scores
- Transfer composite scores to ‘Composite Score Profile’ and plot results.
- Include CI.
Step 8: Discrepancy Analysis
- Transfer composite scores to ‘Discrepancy Analysis’ table.
- Calculate difference.
- Use Table B.1 to find critical value for differences between index scores at p <.05.
- Record in ‘Critical Value’ column.
- If difference is larger than critical value, circle “Y” in ‘Significant Difference’ column. If not, circle “No”.
Step 9: Determine Base Rate of Significant Differences
- Use Table B.2 for an overall sample.
- Index score differences that exist in less than 10% of the population are generally considered unusual.
Step 10: Determining Strengths and Weaknesses
- Transfer subtest scaled scores to ‘Determining Strengths and Weaknesses’ table.
- Record mean of 10 core subtests.
- Calculate difference scores.
- Use Table B.5 to find critical value for difference scores at p <.05.
- Record in ‘Critical Value’ column.
Essay Composition
- Participant writes a paragraph or letter to the editor.
- There is a time limit.
- Response is scored based on organisation, grammar and mechanics.
- WJ-IV Ach similar task = Writing Samples
Math Problem Solving
- Participant solves problems presented visually.
- They may use a pencil and paper to aid problem solving if needed.
- WJ-IV Ach similar task = Applied Problems
Numeric Operations
- Participant solves numeric mathematical problems with a pencil and paper, which gradually increase in difficulty.
- The task is untimed.
- WJ-IV Ach similar task = Calculation
Math Fluency – Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication
- Measures speed and accuracy of participant’s math calculations – separate tests for addition, multiplication and subtraction.
- Participant solves as many sums as they can in a 60 second time limit.
- WJ-IV Ach similar task = Math Facts Fluency
Listening Comprehension
- Participant is given a word or sentence and asked to point to which picture corresponds with that word or sentence.
- WJ-IV Ach similar task = Oral Reading
Oral Expression
- Depending on age, participant engages in word naming, repeats sentences, and/or says the word that best corresponds to a picture
- WJ-IV Ach similar task = No equivalent test.
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Description
Explore the evolution of cognitive testing, from Binet's groundbreaking work with the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale to modern assessment methods. This quiz covers the significance of cognitive ability measurement in diagnosing learning disorders and evaluating occupational success.
