Cognitive Psychology and Intelligence

Cognitive Abilities

• Types of cognitive abilities:
  • Fluid intelligence: reasoning, working memory, and processing speed
  • Crystallized intelligence: verbal comprehension, knowledge, and experience
• Components of cognitive abilities:
  • Reasoning: solving problems, making decisions, and thinking logically
  • Working memory: temporary storage and manipulation of information
  • Processing speed: quick and accurate processing of information
  • Verbal comprehension: understanding and using verbal information
  • Visual-spatial skills: understanding and manipulating visual information

IQ Scoring

• IQ score range:
  • Average IQ: 85-115
  • Gifted: 115-130
  • Highly gifted: 130-145
  • Profoundly gifted: 145-160
  • Genius: 160+
• IQ scoring scales:
  • Stanford-Binet Scale: 40-160
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): 40-160
  • Cattell Scale: 40-160

Intelligence Quotient

• Definition: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a score derived from one or more standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence
• IQ calculation:
  • Mental age (MA) / Chronological age (CA) * 100
  • Average IQ is set at 100, with a standard deviation of 15

Problem Solving

• Types of problem-solving:
  • Fluid intelligence: novel, abstract, and complex problems
  • Crystallized intelligence: familiar, concrete, and routine problems
• Problem-solving strategies:
  • Reasoning: using logic and rules to solve problems
  • Working backwards: starting with the solution and working backwards to find the problem
  • Analogies: finding relationships between concepts

Personality Assessment

• Assessment methods:
  • Self-report questionnaires
  • Observer ratings
  • Behavioral observations
• Personality traits:
  • Openness to experience: curiosity, open-mindedness, and love of learning
  • Conscientiousness: organization, self-discipline, and diligence
  • Extraversion: sociability, assertiveness, and excitement-seeking