4) Audition I

<p>Motion of the basilar membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrations of an object creating pressure changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auditory canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic pitch of a sound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loudness perception increases with larger amplitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce impulses sent to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overstimulation by excessively loud sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental frequency of the sound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missing fundamental illusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ossicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It correlates with the amplitude of sound waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 4000 Hz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timing code and place code (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They convert vibrations into electrical signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinnae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of frequency variations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in amplitude by a factor of approximately 3.16 is needed for perceived doubling of loudness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On a logarithmic scale in units called decibels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basilar membrane responds to specific frequencies along its length. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synchronization of auditory nerve responses to frequency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A ten-fold increase in amplitude. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duration of the sound. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synchronization of auditory nerve fiber firing with sound waves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to about 4000 Hz. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Near the apex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitivity is poorer for both very low and very high frequencies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The experience we have when we hear.

Changes in air pressure caused by the vibration of an object.

A sound wave with a single frequency and a perfect sinusoidal waveform.

The size of the variation in air pressure (difference between peak and trough) in a sound wave. It determines the loudness of a sound.

The number of cycles per second in a sound wave (1 Hertz = 1 cycle/s). It determines the pitch of a sound.

Sounds that are composed of multiple frequencies and waveforms.

The visible external part of the ear.

A tube-like structure that protects the middle ear.

A cone-shaped membrane that separates the outer and middle ear. It vibrates in response to sound waves.

The smallest bones in the human body, located in the middle ear. They amplify vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmit them to the inner ear.

The perceived highness or lowness of a sound, typically determined by the fundamental frequency.

The perceived quality or character of a sound, determined by the number, frequency ratios, and relative amplitudes of its harmonics.

The lowest frequency in a complex sound.

Overtones that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency in a complex sound.

The phenomenon where listeners perceive a pitch corresponding to the missing fundamental frequency in a complex sound, even when it is absent.

The outer visible part of the ear, which funnels sound into the ear canal.

A membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear, and vibrates in response to sound waves.

Small bones in the middle ear that amplify vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear.

A fluid-filled structure in the inner ear that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals.

Hair-like cells in the organ of Corti within the cochlea that convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals.

The change in sound amplitude needed to double the perceived loudness. Our ears don't perceive loudness linearly, so a 10-fold increase in amplitude only makes the sound twice as loud.

The measurement of sound intensity, using a logarithmic scale. A 20dB increase signifies a ten-fold increase in amplitude. This helps represent the wide range of sound intensity we hear.

Coding sound amplitude by how frequently auditory nerve fibers fire. Higher firing rates correspond to louder sounds.

The range of frequencies that a person can hear. Normal human hearing typically ranges from 20Hz to 20,000Hz (20kHz).

The location along the basilar membrane that vibrates in response to a particular sound frequency. Higher frequencies cause vibrations near the base, while lower frequencies resonate near the apex.

The phenomenon where auditory nerve fibers fire in sync with sound pressure changes, providing information about the frequency of the sound. This code is dominant for frequencies up to about 4000Hz.

The sensitivity of our auditory system to different frequencies. We are most sensitive to frequencies in the middle range, and less sensitive to very low and very high frequencies.

The perceived loudness of a sound, influenced by both its amplitude and frequency. A louder sound can be perceived as twice as loud with only a 10dB increase in amplitude.