34 Questions
What is emphasized in Bandura's Social-Cognitive Theory?
Emotions in determining behavior
In Bandura's Social Learning Theory, what is the first step for learning to occur?
Attention
Which process involves encoding, retaining, and recalling the defining features of modeled behavior?
Retention
What must be present for learning to occur according to Bandura's theory?
Attention to modeled behavior
Which step in the modeling process requires organizing responses to match the model?
Reproduction
What is essential for reproducing a behavior according to Bandura's theory?
Incentives or motives
What distinguishes the cognitive perspective from behaviorism?
Emphasis on individual subject perspective
How does latent learning differ from associative learning?
Learning occurs without reinforcement
What were the main findings of Tolman's Latent Learning Experiment?
Group 3 showed dramatic improvement after receiving food
Why did Group 2 in Tolman's experiment fail to demonstrate learning of the maze?
They were not reinforced with food
What makes latent learning a special form of learning?
It is not immediately evident or behaviorally observable
How did Tolman's research support the idea of latent learning?
Group 3 improved after receiving reinforcement
What did Bandura's research in 1961 reveal about the effects of aggressive models on children?
There was no difference in the level of physical aggression displayed by the children in the three groups.
What type of behaviors does the psychodynamic model focus on?
Internal motives
What did Dahl & Vigna's study reveal about the relationship between violent films and crime rates in large cities?
Prior to and after violent films showing, crime rates in large cities increased.
Which factor is crucial for influencing expectations for favorable outcomes and motivation according to the text?
Self-efficacy
In adults, what was observed regarding aggression levels after exiting aggressive versus nonaggressive movies?
Adults leaving aggressive movies reacted more aggressively than those leaving nonaggressive movies.
According to Bandura's follow-up research, how did the display of punishment in videos affect children's aggression?
Minimal change was observed in aggression levels regardless of whether the child was punished or not.
What is the approximate heritability for neuroticism and extraversion?
0.6
Which of the Big Five factors exhibits the highest stability over the lifespan?
Extraversion
According to the Cumulative Continuity Hypothesis, why does personality continuity strengthen as individuals age?
Due to increased choice over environments
In the experiment by Glass & Singer (1972), what was observed regarding participants with a 'control button' for noise?
They exhibited increased effort and better performance
What was the key finding in Glass & Singer's (1972) study regarding participants' perception of control?
Emphasis was perceived rather than real control
What would be the potential consequence for participants if they had tried to push the control button in the experiment?
They would realize they have no control
What did the Florida Study of 2008 find regarding the willingness of females to agree to different propositions?
More females agreed to 'Go to my place' compared to 'Go on a date' or 'Have sex'
What did the research by Fisher et al. in 2015 reveal about female behavior in relation to their menstrual cycle?
Females preferred appearance-enhancing behavior when they were most fertile
What is the key critique mentioned in the text regarding the sociobiological theory's research samples?
95% of the research samples come from college students
Which of the following is NOT one of Eysenck's Three Personality Factors?
Openness & Agreeableness
In Sheldon's body types, which body type is associated with characteristics like being smart and shy?
Ectomorph
What is the main criticism of Barnum Statements as mentioned in the text?
They rely on vague, broad statements with slight positivity
Which trait approach involves studying skull morphology according to the text?
Trait Approach Based On Body Morphology
What does the trait approach based on body types associate with the mesomorph body type?
'Dominant' and athletic
What type of behavior did females exhibit according to the research by Fisher et al. in 2015 when they were most fertile?
Preference for wearing 'attractive' makeup
What is a common misconception regarding the traits hierarchy according to Allport as discussed in the text?
Cardinal traits are considered fundamental compared to Central traits
Test your knowledge on the cognitive perspective developed from the behavioral perspective and latent learning. Explore how this perspective emphasizes individual subjectivity and can explain complex behaviors. Understand the concept of learning that occurs without immediate behavioral changes.
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