Cognitive Limitations and Animism

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Which of the following is a characteristic of growth in early childhood?

Limbs lengthen

Permanent teeth emerge

Brain develops

All of the above (correct)

What impact does size variation have on individuals in early childhood?

Larger children may lack challenges

Smaller children may be injured by larger children

Both A and B (correct)

None of the above

What factors determine the development of motor skills?

Neural advances

Physical changes in proportions

Opportunity to practice new skills

All of the above (correct)

What are the main grasps in early childhood?

Power grasp and precision grasp Signup and view all the answers

At what age do individuals usually develop hand preference?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What are graphomotor skills?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is symbolic representation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, children under 8 lack theory of mind.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is animism?

Applying attributes on living things to inanimate objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is fast mapping?

Growth in receptive language. Signup and view all the answers

What are the underlying concepts of Neo-Piagetian theories?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What is expressive language?

Words, signs, gestures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation to the nativist approach to language acquisition?

Focuses on one aspect of language (grammar) and only on receptive language. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three number concepts fundamental to understanding the conventional number system according to Piaget?

One-to-one correspondence, cardinality, and ordinality. Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during the toddler-preschool years?

Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?

To develop a sense of autonomy Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development occurs during the preschool years (ages 3-6)?

Stage 3 - Initiative vs. Guilt Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt?

To develop a sense of initiative Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four parenting styles mentioned in the text?

Authoritative Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is associated with high self-esteem, internalized moral standards, psychosocial maturity, and academic success?

Authoritative Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is associated with a lack of emotional involvement and low demands on the child?

Uninvolved Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is associated with strict rules, high demands, and low warmth?

Authoritarian Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is associated with a lack of rules, few demands, and high warmth?

Permissive Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson, the development of self-esteem during infancy and toddlerhood is closely tied to the achievement of a positive ratio of autonomy versus shame and doubt, and initiative versus guilt during the developmental crises that occur during childhood.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the first primary means of communication?

Cooing Signup and view all the answers

What is caregiver-infant synchrony?

Sensitively tuned responses to an infant's signals, which are appropriate, well timed and rhythmic Signup and view all the answers

What is temperament?

Refers to an individual's consistent pattern or style of reacting to a broad range of environmental events and situations as well as their pattern of arousal and emotionality Signup and view all the answers

What is attachment?

The strong and enduring emotional bond that develops between an infant and a caregiver during the infant's first year of life Signup and view all the answers

What is secure attachment?

A healthy bond between infant and caregiver. The child is happy when the caregiver is present, somewhat upset during the caregiver's absence, and easily comforted upon the caregiver's return Signup and view all the answers

What is separation anxiety?

Displays of fear, clinging, crying, and related distress when an infant's parent or other caregiver leaves them Signup and view all the answers