Cognitive Development Lecture 3

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Questions and Answers

At what age did Piaget believe children were generally egocentric?

8 years old

7 years old (correct)

6 years old

5 years old

Which age group showed the ability to pass a diorama task when it was relevant?

2-year-olds

5-year-olds

6-year-olds

3-and 4-year-olds (correct)

Which behavior is NOT typical of children under 1 year according to the content?

Turning to see what their mother is looking at

Showing interest in adult conversations

Bending down to talk to peers (correct)

Gazing at stimuli for long periods

Theory of Mind includes understanding which of the following?

Existence of other people's minds Signup and view all the answers

What age did average children begin to successfully pass the False Belief Task?

4 years old Signup and view all the answers

In the broccoli versus crackers study, what did 14-month-olds give to the experimenter?

What they liked Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a skill associated with Theory of Mind?

Identifying emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor for children under 6 to demonstrate conservation?

The relevance of the task Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of social cognition does the False Belief Task primarily assess?

Understanding false beliefs Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior indicates that a child under 3 years is beginning to understand others' perspectives?

Turning a book for an adult to see Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A not B error' indicate about an infant's understanding of object permanence?

Infants have difficulty overriding a motor habit. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants begin to imitate facial expressions?

At 3 weeks old. Signup and view all the answers

What was Piaget's view regarding infants' understanding of numbers?

Infants have no concept of number before 6 years old. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that newborn babies prefer to look at faces?

They track faces longer than inanimate objects. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how do infants understand intentions at 6 months?

They recognize reaching actions as having a goal. Signup and view all the answers

What is noted about toddlers' understanding of counting?

They understand the concept even when incorrect numbers are used. Signup and view all the answers

What question does Piaget's claim that children can't conserve number raise?

Does repeated questioning affect children's responses? Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of infants' gaze behavior at 9 months?

They will follow their mother's gaze. Signup and view all the answers

How do 6-month-olds display understanding of intentional actions?

They differentiate between random reaching and purposeful actions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'object permanence' understanding rely on according to the content?

Overriding motor habits to find hidden objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of Piaget's theory regarding his view of children's abilities?

He underestimated children’s abilities at various ages. Signup and view all the answers

What do infants show recognition of regarding depth perception?

They can perceive depth as soon as they can crawl. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred from research on the Effect of Occlusion in infants?

Infants understand occlusion principles as young as 4 months. Signup and view all the answers

How do infants display their preference in the Habituation Procedure?

By focusing only on novel stimuli initially and then becoming less attentive to them. Signup and view all the answers

At what age does understanding of support start developing in infants?

Gradually by 6 months of age. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A not B error' relate to in cognitive development?

Infants’ understanding of object permanence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of Object Permanence?

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Visual Cliff experiment demonstrate about infants?

Infants can perceive depth before they begin crawling. Signup and view all the answers

In evaluating Piaget's theories, which statement is accurate?

Critics argue he overlooked early cognitive abilities in children. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of the habituation procedure in infants?

Decreased focus on previously novel stimuli over time. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evaluating Piaget’s Theory

Piaget's theories significantly shaped understanding of children's intellectual development.
Notable criticisms suggest he underestimated children's cognitive abilities at different ages.

Criticism of Piaget’s Theory

Infants do not begin with a blank slate; they show awareness of depth perception early.
Research indicates that crawling infants and even pre-crawling infants can differentiate depth using visual cues.

The Visual Cliff Experiment

Children display depth perception when they begin crawling.
Evidence suggests pre-crawling infants can also recognize differences in cliff height.

The Effect of Occlusion

Infants display a preference for novel stimuli, showcasing their ability to notice changes over time.
Habituation procedures demonstrate that infants maintain focus on new objects, revealing cognitive capabilities as early as 4 months.

Object Permanence

Challenges the "A not B error," where infants incorrectly believe objects remain where last found.
This error may reflect difficulty in inhibiting learned motor responses rather than a lack of cognitive understanding.

Mathematical Reasoning

Piaget asserted that number concepts develop around 6 years; however, infants as young as 6 months show some numerical understanding.
Early comprehension of counting is evident in toddlers, even if they struggle with accurate number representation.

Newborns prefer looking at faces over scrambled facial images.
By three weeks, infants begin imitating facial expressions, indicating early social engagement.
At nine months, infants can track the gaze of others, understanding the intention behind actions.

Understanding Intentions

Research shows 6-month-olds grasp the distinction between an action and its intended goal, suggesting cognitive development is more nuanced than Piaget proposed.

Egocentrism in Preschoolers

Piaget's theory suggested egocentrism persists until age 7; however, younger children exhibit behaviors showing perspective-taking (e.g., adjusting books for adult visibility).
Children aged 2.5 to 3.5 also engage in actions demonstrating awareness of others' viewpoints.

Theory of Mind

Involves understanding different mental states, including intentions, beliefs, and preferences, critical for effective social interaction.
Children exhibit a developing theory of mind from a young age, with skills seen as early as 18 months.

Preferences and Beliefs

In tasks assessing preferences, 18-month-olds can differentiate others' likes and will act accordingly.
4-year-olds typically pass the False Belief Task, signifying an understanding of others' beliefs, while 3-year-olds may struggle.

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Explore the extensive impact of Jean Piaget's theories on cognitive development in children. This quiz covers essential aspects of Piaget's work and its implications for understanding intellectual growth. Ideal for students and educators interested in developmental psychology.