14 Learner-Centered Psychological Principles

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Questions and Answers

What is the nature of learning processes according to the 14 principles?

  • It is most effective when it is an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience (correct)
  • It is most effective when it is a passive process of receiving information
  • It is most effective when it is an unintentional process
  • It is most effective when it is a random process of memorization

What are the goals of the learning process according to the 14 principles?

  • Just to understand information
  • To memorize information without understanding
  • To ignore existing knowledge and focus on new information
  • To create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge over time with instructional guidance (correct)

How does the successful learner construct knowledge according to the 14 principles?

  • By ignoring existing knowledge
  • By memorizing new information without connecting it to existing knowledge
  • By avoiding new information
  • By linking new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways (correct)

What does strategic thinking entail according to the 14 principles?

<p>Creating and using a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is higher order thinking about according to the 14 principles?

<p>Higher order thinking involves selecting and monitoring mental operations to facilitate creative and critical thinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is learning influenced according to the 14 principles?

<p>Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including culture, technology, and instructional practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to intrinsic motivation to learn?

<p>Higher-order thinking and natural curiosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the acquisition of complex knowledge and skills?

<p>Extended learner effort and guided practice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is learning most effective in terms of individual differences?

<p>When differences in learners' linguistic, cultural, and social backgrounds are taken into account (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences learning through interpersonal relations and communication with others?

<p>Social interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an integral part of the learning process in terms of standards and assessment?

<p>Setting appropriately high and challenging standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates intrinsic motivation according to the text?

<p>Tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty, relevant to personal interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do individual differences in learning refer to?

<p>Different strategies, approaches, and capabilities for learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unlikely without a learner's motivation to learn?

<p>Willingness to exert extended effort for complex knowledge and skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires' what, according to the text?

<p>'Extended learner effort and guided practice' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is influenced by social interactions interpersonal relations, and communication with others?

<p>Learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intentional Learning

Learning is most effective when individuals intentionally build understanding from information and their own experiences.

Meaningful Learning

The purpose of learning is to create strong, lasting connections between knowledge over time, with help from teachers.

Knowledge Building

Successful learners connect new information to what they already know, making learning deeper and more lasting.

Strategic Thinking

Strategic thinking involves using a set of thinking and reasoning skills to reach complex learning goals.

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Higher-order Thinking

Higher-order thinking requires using different mental tools to think critically and creatively.

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Environmental Influence

Learning is influenced by the environment: culture, technology, and teaching methods all play a role.

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Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation, or a love of learning, is fueled by higher-order thinking and the natural desire to know more.

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Effort and Practice

Complex skills and knowledge require sustained effort and guidance from teachers or mentors.

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Individual Differences

Learning is most effective when it considers differences in language, culture, and background.

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Social Interaction

Interactions with others, like discussions and collaborations, influence learning.

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Challenging Standards

Setting high and challenging standards is essential for the learning process.

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Motivating Tasks

Tasks that are novel, challenging, and relevant to personal interests inspire intrinsic motivation.

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Learning Styles

Individual differences in learning include different strategies, approaches, and abilities.

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Motivation & Effort

Without motivation, learners are less likely to put in the effort needed to master complex knowledge and skills.

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Acquisition of Complex Knowledge

Acquiring complex knowledge and skills requires sustained effort from the learner and guidance from others.

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Social Influence

Learning is influenced by social interactions, such as discussions and collaborations.

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Study Notes

Learning Processes and Principles

  • The 14 principles of learning highlight the importance of understanding the learning process and its various aspects.

Goals of the Learning Process

  • The primary goals of the learning process are to construct knowledge, think strategically, and engage in higher-order thinking.

Constructing Knowledge

  • Successful learners construct knowledge by actively processing and transforming information.

Strategic Thinking

  • Strategic thinking involves the ability to plan, think critically, and solve problems.

Higher-Order Thinking

  • Higher-order thinking includes critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

Influences on Learning

  • Learning is influenced by the learner's background, motivation, and interactions with others.

Intrinsic Motivation

  • Intrinsic motivation is fueled by the learner's interests, curiosity, and desire to learn.

Acquisition of Complex Knowledge and Skills

  • The acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires motivation, effort, and persistence.

Individual Differences in Learning

  • Learning is most effective when tailored to individual differences, such as learning styles, prior knowledge, and cognitive abilities.

Interpersonal Relations and Communication

  • Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal relations, and communication with others.

Standards and Assessment

  • Setting standards and assessing learning outcomes are integral parts of the learning process.

Stimulating Intrinsic Motivation

  • Intrinsic motivation is stimulated by providing autonomy, opportunities for self-directed learning, and feedback.

Individual Differences

  • Individual differences in learning refer to the unique characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of each learner.

Acquisition of Complex Knowledge and Skills

  • Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills is unlikely without a learner's motivation to learn.

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