Cognition in Health Science
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between sensation and perception?

  • Sensation is a cognitive process, while perception is a biological process
  • Sensation involves the interpretation of sensory input, while perception involves the functioning of our sensory system
  • Sensation involves the transmission of action potential in the CNS, while perception involves the transduction of stimulus via sensory receptors
  • Sensation is a biological process, while perception is a cognitive process (correct)

    • What is the role of sensory receptors in sensation?

  • To regenerate neurons in the peripheral nervous system
  • To interpret sensory input and assign meaning
  • To transduce stimuli into electrical signals (correct)
  • To transmit action potential in the CNS

    • What is the primary benefit of understanding cognition in healthcare?

  • It enables doctors to diagnose patients more quickly
  • It improves patient-doctor communication and increases patient satisfaction (correct)
  • It increases the cost-effectiveness of healthcare
  • It allows doctors to prescribe more effective medication

    • What type of stimulus is detected by mechanoreceptors?

    <p>Mechanical stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of attention in information processing systems?

    <p>To select salient sensory inputs to attend to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs along the afferent pathway of the central nervous system?

    <p>Transmission of action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processing occurs when we use prior knowledge to interpret sensory information?

    <p>Top-down processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generated in the brain through the process of perception?

    <p>Sensory perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the amount of sensory information that can be processed at any given time?

    <p>Attentional resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of transduction of stimulus via sensory receptors?

    <p>Electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences our perception of internal or external stimuli?

    <p>Both internal and external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences what we attend to and perceive?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of top-down processing in perception?

    <p>Interpreting a physical symptom based on prior experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of attentional resources being strained?

    <p>Reduced perception and attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines what sensory inputs are transmitted for further processing?

    <p>Sensory store or buffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between attention and information processing systems?

    <p>Attention is a component of information processing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attentional control?

    <p>Conscious and voluntary, choosing to remain focused on learning a new skill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of supporting patients in developing illness self-management skills?

    <p>To enhance patient self-regulation of health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Adams (1971), what are the three stages of skill acquisition?

    <p>Cognitive, Associative, and Autonomous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of attentional resources?

    <p>Limited capacity for processing simultaneous cues of the same sensory origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the finding of the study by Hudson et al. (2016) regarding patients' self-regulation of health?

    <p>Patients who perceived themselves as skilled in managing their diabetes adhered less to treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the context in which supporting patients in developing illness self-management skills is particularly relevant?

    <p>Primary care context, specifically in regards to inhaler technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of attention in clinical practice?

    <p>To minimize the risk of medical mistakes by reducing multitasking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the finding of the study by Miskovic (2008) regarding surgeons listening to music in operating theatres?

    <p>Surgeons who listened to music in operating theatres performed better and made fewer medical mistakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for 50% of information being forgotten within 5 minutes of a medical consultation?

    <p>Limited processing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences selective attentional bias for pain-related stimuli?

    <p>Fear of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of distraction therapy in healthcare?

    <p>Reducing pain perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between negative emotions and illness cognitions in people with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>They have a negative correlation on self-care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary finding of research on music's effect on virtual reality laparoscopic learning performance?

    <p>Music enhances learning performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs between sensation and perception?

    <p>Organising and assigning meaning to sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attention are you using when focusing on a conversation at a loud party?

    <p>Selective attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of schema in short-term memory?

    <p>To aid processing by providing prior knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of strained attentional resources?

    <p>Reduced information processing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients often forget medical information given during a consultation?

    <p>Limited processing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines what sensory inputs are transmitted for further processing in the central nervous system?

    <p>Selective attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory receptors in perception?

    <p>To detect and transmit stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between perception and reality?

    <p>Perception is an interpretation of sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to information given during a medical consultation?

    <p>It is forgotten within 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processing occurs when we use prior knowledge to interpret sensory information?

    <p>Top-down processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the amount of information that can be processed in attention?

    <p>Working memory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Cognition and Behaviour

    • Knowledge about human cognition can improve communication with patients, promote understanding, and increase patient satisfaction.
    • Cognition plays a crucial role in how patients process health-related information and can affect their behavior.

    Sensation and Perception

    • Sensation: the functioning of our sensory system (e.g., stimulating sensory receptors); a biological process.
    • Perception: interpretation of sensory input, organizing the input, and assigning meaning; a cognitive process.
    • Three types of environmental stimuli: mechanical (e.g., pressure, touch, vibration), chemical (e.g., taste, smell), and electromagnetic (e.g., light, heat).
    • Transduction of stimuli via sensory receptors, transmission of action potential in CNS, interpretation, and sensation perception.

    Attention

    • The ability to select salient sensory inputs to attend to; a limited resource.
    • Factors influencing perception: attention, emotions, prior knowledge, and context.
    • Information processing systems: recognition, knowledge (top-down processing), and emotions.
    • Attentional control is both conscious and voluntary (e.g., learning a new skill) and unconscious and involuntary (e.g., responding to loud noise).

    Clinical Practice

    • Skill acquisition: cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages (Adams, 1971).
    • Supporting patients in developing illness self-management skills.
    • Multitasking and medical mistakes: e.g., surgeons listening to music in operating theatres (Miskovic, 2008).
    • Patients' self-regulation of health: e.g., patients who perceive themselves as skilled in managing diabetes may adhere less to treatments (Hudson et al., 2016).

    Quick Quizzes

    • The phenomenon of perception: interpretation of sensory input, organizing the input, and assigning meaning.
    • Attention in a loud party: selective attention.
    • During a medical consultation, patients rely on working memory to retain information, but 50% of information is forgotten within 5 minutes due to limited processing capacity.

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    Description

    Quiz on human cognition, sensation, and perception in healthcare, focusing on attention, information processing, and its impact on patient behavior.

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