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Questions and Answers
What is cognitive psychology primarily concerned with?
What is cognitive psychology primarily concerned with?
- Analyzing emotional responses to stimuli
- Understanding the physical structure of the brain
- Investigating social interactions and behavior
- Studying the mental processes related to perception, learning, and memory (correct)
Which of the following best defines the mind in the context provided?
Which of the following best defines the mind in the context provided?
- A system that creates representations of the world for goal achievement (correct)
- A storage system for memory
- A collection of learned behaviors
- A set of reactions to the environment
In the dialectic approach of cognitive psychology, what follows the synthesis stage?
In the dialectic approach of cognitive psychology, what follows the synthesis stage?
- Antithesis (correct)
- Reflection
- Feedback
- Thesis
When did the study of cognitive psychology reportedly begin?
When did the study of cognitive psychology reportedly begin?
Which process is NOT typically associated with cognition?
Which process is NOT typically associated with cognition?
What is the role of perception in cognition?
What is the role of perception in cognition?
Which of the following statements about cognitive psychology is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about cognitive psychology is TRUE?
What mental process helps individuals focus on specific stimuli in their environment?
What mental process helps individuals focus on specific stimuli in their environment?
What is the main belief of cognitivism?
What is the main belief of cognitivism?
Who challenged the behaviorist view of psychology?
Who challenged the behaviorist view of psychology?
What did Noam Chomsky stress about language?
What did Noam Chomsky stress about language?
How did Fritz Perls encapsulate his view on wholeness?
How did Fritz Perls encapsulate his view on wholeness?
What was a primary belief of the traditional behaviorists?
What was a primary belief of the traditional behaviorists?
What did Fritz Perls contribute to psychology?
What did Fritz Perls contribute to psychology?
What aspect of the brain did Karl Lashley emphasize in his theories?
What aspect of the brain did Karl Lashley emphasize in his theories?
What method did Structuralism primarily use to analyze consciousness?
What method did Structuralism primarily use to analyze consciousness?
Which psychologist wrote extensively against behaviorism?
Which psychologist wrote extensively against behaviorism?
Who is credited as the Father of Scientific Psychology?
Who is credited as the Father of Scientific Psychology?
Which of the following best describes the main focus of Structuralism?
Which of the following best describes the main focus of Structuralism?
What term did Edward Titchener coin to label the approach he advocated?
What term did Edward Titchener coin to label the approach he advocated?
Which of the following statements about Wilhelm Wundt is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about Wilhelm Wundt is NOT true?
What is the primary characteristic of introspection in the context of Structuralism?
What is the primary characteristic of introspection in the context of Structuralism?
Which psychological perspective is primarily concerned with the structures of mental processes?
Which psychological perspective is primarily concerned with the structures of mental processes?
During which era did Structuralism emerge as a prominent psychological perspective?
During which era did Structuralism emerge as a prominent psychological perspective?
What does the Three-Stratum Model of Intelligence propose?
What does the Three-Stratum Model of Intelligence propose?
Which theory suggests that intelligence includes multiple independent constructs?
Which theory suggests that intelligence includes multiple independent constructs?
How does the concept of intelligence relate to metacognitive processes?
How does the concept of intelligence relate to metacognitive processes?
What does the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence by Sternberg emphasize?
What does the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence by Sternberg emphasize?
What is a key criticism of behaviorist notions in language acquisition?
What is a key criticism of behaviorist notions in language acquisition?
What is NOT typically considered a component of intelligence based on the theories discussed?
What is NOT typically considered a component of intelligence based on the theories discussed?
Which statement describes the limitation of behavioral explanations of language acquisition?
Which statement describes the limitation of behavioral explanations of language acquisition?
Which of the following is a defining feature of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences?
Which of the following is a defining feature of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences?
What is the main distinction between rationalism and empiricism in understanding the human mind?
What is the main distinction between rationalism and empiricism in understanding the human mind?
Which philosopher is known for the rationalist approach to knowledge?
Which philosopher is known for the rationalist approach to knowledge?
Empiricism is characterized by which of the following methods of acquiring knowledge?
Empiricism is characterized by which of the following methods of acquiring knowledge?
What approach does physiology take towards understanding living things?
What approach does physiology take towards understanding living things?
What does introspection involve in the study of psychology?
What does introspection involve in the study of psychology?
Which statement best summarizes the views of Aristotle regarding knowledge acquisition?
Which statement best summarizes the views of Aristotle regarding knowledge acquisition?
What is the significance of the terms 'rationalism' and 'empiricism' in psychology?
What is the significance of the terms 'rationalism' and 'empiricism' in psychology?
The term 'empirical study' primarily refers to which of the following?
The term 'empirical study' primarily refers to which of the following?
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Study Notes
Cognition and Mind
- Mind is a system that creates mental representations of the world for action toward goals.
- Cognition involves mental processes like perception, attention, and memory.
Cognitive Psychology
- Focuses on how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information.
- The dialectic approach involves a thesis (proposed statement), antithesis (contradictory statement), and synthesis (integrated understanding).
Philosophical Antecedents
- Two opposing views: Rationalism (knowledge through logic) vs. Empiricism (knowledge through observation and experience).
- Key philosophers:
- Plato (Rationalism - knowledge through reasoning)
- Aristotle (Empiricism - knowledge through sensory experience).
Psychological Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology
- Key approaches:
- Structuralism: Analyzes consciousness into thoughts and sensations.
- Functionalism: Focuses on mental processes and their purposes.
- Associationism: Examines how ideas link and create thought patterns.
- Behaviorism: Studies observable behavior rather than internal processes.
- Gestalt Psychology: Emphasizes understanding the whole structure of experiences.
Structuralism
- Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, known as the Father of Scientific Psychology.
- Emphasizes introspection to discover basic elements of mental processes.
- Edward Titchener further labeled this approach “Structuralism,” exploring how mental elements interact for a deeper understanding.
Emergence of Cognitive Psychology
- Cognitive Revolution in the 1950s marks the rise of cognitivism, which interprets human behavior as a reflection of mental processes.
- Karl Spencer Lashley challenged behaviorism, portraying the brain as an active organizer of behavior.
Key Figures
- B.F. Skinner: A behaviorist who proposed language learning through reinforcement, countered by Noam Chomsky's view on the biological basis of language.
- Chomsky posited that language acquisition is a creative process, linking biology with cognitive capacities.
Definition of Intelligence
- Intelligence encompasses the capacity to learn from experiences and adapt through metacognitive processes.
Models of Intelligence
- Triarchic Theory of Intelligence: Focuses on analytical, creative, and practical abilities.
- Three-Stratum Model: Hierarchical structure of cognitive abilities devised by Carroll.
- Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Proposes multiple independent constructs of intelligence rather than a single entity.
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