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Questions and Answers
What causes the rock to weaken further as waves retreat?
What causes the rock to weaken further as waves retreat?
Which coastal process involves the downslope movement of rocks and soil under the influence of gravity?
Which coastal process involves the downslope movement of rocks and soil under the influence of gravity?
What type of sediment bounces along the sea bed, for example, sand and silt?
What type of sediment bounces along the sea bed, for example, sand and silt?
When does sediment get deposited by the sea?
When does sediment get deposited by the sea?
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What coastal process involves material moving along a flat surface, usually a bedding plane?
What coastal process involves material moving along a flat surface, usually a bedding plane?
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Which process involves a rotational manner of soil and weaker rock sliding along a curved surface?
Which process involves a rotational manner of soil and weaker rock sliding along a curved surface?
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What landform is characterized by a ridge of sand or shingle deposited by the sea, attached to the land at one end but ending in a bay or river mouth?
What landform is characterized by a ridge of sand or shingle deposited by the sea, attached to the land at one end but ending in a bay or river mouth?
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Which process causes wave energy to converge at headlands and diverge at bays, resulting in erosion and deposition, respectively?
Which process causes wave energy to converge at headlands and diverge at bays, resulting in erosion and deposition, respectively?
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What landform is formed at the base of cliffs due to erosion caused by rising sea levels and intense storms?
What landform is formed at the base of cliffs due to erosion caused by rising sea levels and intense storms?
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Which coastal landform is a result of sediment deposition that creates a long, narrow ridge of sand or shingle extending from the land into the sea?
Which coastal landform is a result of sediment deposition that creates a long, narrow ridge of sand or shingle extending from the land into the sea?
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What process causes wave fronts to parallel the shape of the coastline as they approach the shore?
What process causes wave fronts to parallel the shape of the coastline as they approach the shore?
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In coastal erosion, which process is characterized by the movement of sediment along the coast parallel to the shoreline?
In coastal erosion, which process is characterized by the movement of sediment along the coast parallel to the shoreline?
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What is a wave cut notch?
What is a wave cut notch?
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What is a wave cut platform?
What is a wave cut platform?
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What is longshore drift?
What is longshore drift?
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What is a spit?
What is a spit?
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What is wave refraction?
What is wave refraction?
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Which of the following is a landform of coastal deposition?
Which of the following is a landform of coastal deposition?
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Study Notes
Coastal Erosion: Bays and Headlands
- Fetch is the distance of open water over which the wind has been blowing, with longer fetch resulting in more powerful waves.
- A headland is an area of more resistant rock jutting out into the sea from the diff-line.
- A bay is an area of sea, curved in shape, which has been eroded between two headlands.
Types of Waves
- Destructive waves (5-6m high) have strong backwash, resulting in a steeper beach and erosion of the coastline.
- Constructive waves (around 1m high) have weak backwash, resulting in a gentler beach and deposition of sediment.
Types of Coastlines
- Concordant coastline: rock type runs parallel to the coastline.
- Discordant coastline: bands of hard and soft rocks lie at right angles to the coastline, forming headlands and bays.
Landforms of Coastal Erosion
- Wave-cut platform: a flat area of rock at the bottom of cliffs, seen at low tide.
- Wave-cut notch: a small overhang at the base of the cliff, formed where wave action is greatest.
Landforms of Coastal Deposition
- Beaches: formed through longshore drift, the process by which beach sediment is transported along the coast by waves.
- Spits: ridges of sand or shingle deposited by the sea, attached to the land at one end and ending in a bay or river mouth.
Wave Action and Coastal Landscapes
- Wave refraction causes wave fronts to parallel the shape of the coastline, leading to convergence of wave energy at headlands and divergence at bays.
- Wave refraction also leads to erosion at headlands and deposition at bays.
Impact of Climate Change
- Increased storms due to climate change lead to more intense waves, causing increased coastal erosion, especially on sedimentary rock cliffs.
- Rising sea levels lead to more erosion occurring at the base of cliffs, causing more pronounced wave-cut notches and erosion.
Mass Movement and Deposition
- Mass movement: the downslope movement of rocks and soil from the cliff top under the influence of gravity.
- Deposition occurs when the sea loses energy and cannot carry sediment anymore, leading to traction, saltation, suspension, and solution.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the landforms created by coastal erosion, including bays, headlands, fetch, swash, backwash, and types of waves. Learn about the characteristics of these coastal features and how they are formed.
