Coal Mining Methods
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Questions and Answers

CALCITE has a hardness of __

3.0

CALCITE is considered an 'ubiquitous mineral' because it is found __

everywhere

CALCITE is a principal constituent of __ and aggregate

limestone

CALCITE serves as one of the largest carbon repositories on __

<p>Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

CALCITE has a perfect __

<p>cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

CALCITE is most common in __ rocks

<p>metamorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Open cut mining uses large machinery such as draglines, shovels, and trucks to remove the overlying material, exposing the coal seam for ______.

<p>extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Underground mining accounts for 60% of the world's coal ______.

<p>production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Underground mining involves creating tunnels or shafts to reach coal deposits ______ the surface.

<p>below</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum is obtained from sedimentary rocks within the ______.

<p>Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum is described as an inflammable liquid composed primarily of ______.

<p>hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of ______ and carbon.

<p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum can be used up to the last drop, minimizing waste and ensuring maximum ______ of the resource.

<p>utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum provides some of the most important lubricating ______.

<p>agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Its derivatives are widely used as lubricants in machinery and engines to reduce ______ and wear.

<p>friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum serves as a crucial raw material for various petrochemical ______.

<p>products</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum has an organic origin, meaning it is derived from organic materials, specifically animal or ______ matter.

<p>vegetable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum is commonly found in sedimentary basins, which are geological formations characterized by layers of sedimentary ______.

<p>rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical composition of GARNET FAMILY: X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X may be Calcium, Magnesium, iron or ______

<p>Manganese</p> Signup and view all the answers

Garnet is widely used as a gemstone and crushed for ______

<p>abrasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physical properties of GARNET FAMILY include a hardness of 6.5 – 7.5 and a crystal system that is ______

<p>Isometric</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed through the process of ______

<p>coalification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brown coal (Lignite) is characterized by low energy content and a high ______ content

<p>ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coal contains mostly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and smaller amounts of nitrogen, Sulphur, and other elements; it also contains water and particles of other ______ matter

<p>inorganic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Porous sand beds, sandstone, or fissured limestone containing oil should be capped by ______ beds.

<p>impervious</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Indian Mineral Yearbook estimated oil reserves at 468 million tons, with 328 million tons available in Mumbai ______.

<p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hydrocarbon resource base in Indian sedimentary basins, including deep water, was estimated at about 28 billion ______.

<p>tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only about one-fourth of the hydrocarbon reserves had been ______ as of April 1, 2002.

<p>established</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 70% of the established hydrocarbon reserves consist of ______, while the remaining portion is gas.

<p>oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

The recoverable hydrocarbon reserves are estimated to be of the order of 2.6 billion ______.

<p>tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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