Coal Mining Methods

CALCITE has a hardness of __

CALCITE is considered an 'ubiquitous mineral' because it is found __

CALCITE is a principal constituent of __ and aggregate

CALCITE serves as one of the largest carbon repositories on __

CALCITE has a perfect __

CALCITE is most common in __ rocks

Open cut mining uses large machinery such as draglines, shovels, and trucks to remove the overlying material, exposing the coal seam for ______.

Underground mining accounts for 60% of the world's coal ______.

Underground mining involves creating tunnels or shafts to reach coal deposits ______ the surface.

Petroleum is obtained from sedimentary rocks within the ______.

Petroleum is described as an inflammable liquid composed primarily of ______.

Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of ______ and carbon.

Petroleum can be used up to the last drop, minimizing waste and ensuring maximum ______ of the resource.

Petroleum provides some of the most important lubricating ______.

Its derivatives are widely used as lubricants in machinery and engines to reduce ______ and wear.

Petroleum serves as a crucial raw material for various petrochemical ______.

Petroleum has an organic origin, meaning it is derived from organic materials, specifically animal or ______ matter.

Petroleum is commonly found in sedimentary basins, which are geological formations characterized by layers of sedimentary ______.

Chemical composition of GARNET FAMILY: X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X may be Calcium, Magnesium, iron or ______

Garnet is widely used as a gemstone and crushed for ______

The physical properties of GARNET FAMILY include a hardness of 6.5 – 7.5 and a crystal system that is ______

Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed through the process of ______

Brown coal (Lignite) is characterized by low energy content and a high ______ content

Coal contains mostly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and smaller amounts of nitrogen, Sulphur, and other elements; it also contains water and particles of other ______ matter

Porous sand beds, sandstone, or fissured limestone containing oil should be capped by ______ beds.

The Indian Mineral Yearbook estimated oil reserves at 468 million tons, with 328 million tons available in Mumbai ______.

The hydrocarbon resource base in Indian sedimentary basins, including deep water, was estimated at about 28 billion ______.

Only about one-fourth of the hydrocarbon reserves had been ______ as of April 1, 2002.

About 70% of the established hydrocarbon reserves consist of ______, while the remaining portion is gas.

The recoverable hydrocarbon reserves are estimated to be of the order of 2.6 billion ______.