Questions and Answers
Which disorders are associated with headaches?
Headaches caused by refractive error will not appear at night.
True
Where is the aqueous humor located?
Between the lens and the cornea.
How many rods are there in the human eye?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are the rods located?
Signup and view all the answers
How many cones are there in the human eye?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are the cones located?
Signup and view all the answers
Rods are best in what lighting condition?
Signup and view all the answers
Without rods, what condition will occur?
Signup and view all the answers
Rods are good in what color light?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes and paralyze the fine focusing muscle for near vision?
Signup and view all the answers
Measuring PD (Pupillary Distance) starts from where and ends where?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Rhodopsin?
Signup and view all the answers
Rhodopsin forms in ______ and is destroyed by _____?
Signup and view all the answers
Rhodopsin is composed of what Vitamin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Adie's Syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you measure a patient's PD when they can only see from one eye?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you measure a patient's PD when they have unequal pupils?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you measure a patient's PD when they have a squint?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the most important disorders to ask patients about?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the main symptoms of diplopia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of light flashes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of Ptosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of Diplopia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of sudden loss of vision?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of Foreign Body Sensation (FBS)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of blurred distance vision in adults?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of Halos around lights?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of spots before the eye?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the most important items to ask patients during workup?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptoms are associated with Acute conjunctivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What organism is the cause of Acute Conjunctivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some important familial histories of common ocular defects?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the 6 steps to taking history?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three main layers of tears?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the flow path of the aqueous humor?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the lens of the eye?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Vitreous Body?
Signup and view all the answers
Name the drops used that do not have cycloplegic effects.
Signup and view all the answers
Example of Cycloplegic Agents.
Signup and view all the answers
When an object is viewed close at hand, what three actions occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Swinging Flash Light Test used for?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the causes associated with a patient with the symptom of dilated pupils?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the causes associated with a patient with the symptom of constricted pupils?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Blepharospasm?
Signup and view all the answers
The visual axis through the human eye is located?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the light reflex method?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two basic types of soft lenses used?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the 3 methods used today to disinfect hydrophilic lenses?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the steps to take for cleaning before removal of soft lenses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the use of an enzyme cleaner?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most stringent cleaning system for soft contact lenses?
Signup and view all the answers
Insertion of soft contact lenses starts at the?
Signup and view all the answers
Removal of soft contact lenses starts by?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Macular Photo Stress Test?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Potential Acuity Meter (PAM)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an Interferometer?
Signup and view all the answers
Near vision charts are designed to be read at?
Signup and view all the answers
Near vision is recorded as the?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the different names for a lensometer?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the 6 measurements required to fit a contact lens?
Signup and view all the answers
The dioptric power of the cornea is determined by?
Signup and view all the answers
With applanation tonometry, the contact of tear film should yield a displacement of _____ mm?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you protect the phoropter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is involved in Projector Maintenance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is involved in Projector Screen Maintenance?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be noted when replacing the lamp?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a tan top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a pink top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a red top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a gray top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a dark green top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a yellow top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a dark blue top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does an orange top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a turquoise top on eye drops signify?
Signup and view all the answers
When measuring lenses in the lensmeter, place the lens on the table _________ side towards you.
Signup and view all the answers
After placing the lens in the lensmeter holder, center the lens then set the power to_____?
Signup and view all the answers
After the spherical power is obtained, continue rotating the power wheel to bring the _______ into focus.
Signup and view all the answers
The sign of the cylinder will be _______ that of the sphere?
Signup and view all the answers
To find the addition of the lens, the difference between the _____ & the _____ must be found.
Signup and view all the answers
Who invented the ophthalmoscope?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the seven basic shapes of the face?
Signup and view all the answers
Definition of Spectacles?
Signup and view all the answers
PD is measured from?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the light reflex method used for?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Optical Center?
Signup and view all the answers
Patients with long faces need these types of frames?
Signup and view all the answers
Patients with long noses need these types of frames?
Signup and view all the answers
Patients with small noses need these types of frames?
Signup and view all the answers
Patients with eyes set too closely together need these types of frames?
Signup and view all the answers
Eyes positioned up and in or down and in are in what position?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Duction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Version?
Signup and view all the answers
When both eyes move right, this is called?
Signup and view all the answers
When both eyes move left, this is called?
Signup and view all the answers
When both eyes move up, this is called?
Signup and view all the answers
When both eyes move down, this is called?
Signup and view all the answers
What do lateral and medial rectus muscles do?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Headaches and Their Causes
- Headaches may be associated with hypertension or brain tumors.
- Refractive error headaches typically do not manifest at night, during sleep, or upon waking.
Aqueous Humor and Eye Anatomy
- Aqueous humor is found between the lens and cornea.
- The human eye contains approximately 125 million rods, located in the retina.
- There are about 6 million cones also situated in the retina.
Rods and Cones Functionality
- Rods are most effective in dim lighting and are sensitive to red light.
- Lack of rods leads to night-blindness.
- Rhodopsin, the pigment in rods, forms in darkness and is broken down by light, requiring Vitamin A for proper function.
Eye Drop Types
- Mydriatic drops are used to dilate pupils, while cycloplegic drops paralyze near vision focusing muscles.
- Color-coded eye drop tops indicate their purpose: tan for disinfectants, pink for anti-inflammatories, red for mydriatics, gray for non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, dark green for miotics, yellow for beta-blockers, dark blue for beta-blocker combinations, and orange for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Measuring Pupillary Distance (PD)
- PD is measured from the nasal side of the right pupil to the temporal side of the left pupil.
- Alternate methods to measure PD include using the center of the good eye in monocular vision or the limbus in cases of unequal pupils.
Vision Disorders and Symptoms
- Important disorders to inquire about include diabetes, hypertension, heart issues, and arthritis.
- Key symptoms of diplopia involve loss of eye alignment; covering one eye will eliminate the double vision.
- Causes of light flashes can signal retinal detachment.
Common Visual Symptoms
- Causes for ptosis include 3rd nerve palsy or diabetes.
- Diplopia may arise from thyroid disorders, diabetes, 3rd nerve palsy, or myasthenia gravis.
- Sudden vision loss can be due to macular degeneration, retinal issues, or retrobulbar neuritis.
Corneal and Tear Functions
- Conditions causing foreign body sensation can arise from corneal abrasion or herpes simplex.
- The three main layers of tears are the oily layer, aqueous layer, and mucin layer.
Eye Testing and Maintenance
- The macular photo stress test is for detecting macular dysfunction, while the potential acuity meter evaluates retina clarity post-cataract surgery.
- Regular maintenance of projectors involves wiping lenses, keeping spare bulbs, and not removing lens from the barrel.
Contact Lens Management
- Contact lenses are disinfected using heat, chemical, or ultraviolet exposure methods.
- The most stringent cleaning method involves hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes.
- Cleaning before soft lens removal requires careful hand washing and avoiding lanolin soaps.
Visual Acuity Measurement
- Near vision is assessed at a distance of 14-16 inches from the eyes.
- Lensometers, also known as lensmeters or fociometers, measure lens specifications and are essential for proper fitting.
Eye Movement and Frames
- Eye movements can be categorized as duction (single eye movement) and version (both eyes moving together), affecting refractive assessments.
- Frame selections for glasses should accommodate facial structures, such as wide frames for long faces or keyhole bridges for small noses.
General Knowledge
- Herman Von Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope.
- Proper identification of eye drops and lens measurements ensures accuracy in vision care and correction.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards designed for the COA JCAHPO exam. Covering key concepts such as headache disorders and the anatomy of the eye, these cards are an excellent study tool for aspiring ophthalmic professionals. Sharpen your expertise in eye care and prepare effectively for your certification.