CNS vs PNS Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is one key role of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  • Stores long-term memory
  • Processes sensory information (correct)
  • Regulates hormone production
  • Manages blood flow

    • Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for sending information to the CNS?

  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Peripheral Nervous System (correct)
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Central Nervous System

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding neuron regeneration in the CNS and PNS?

  • CNS is capable of regeneration, PNS is not
  • Neither CNS nor PNS can regenerate neurons
  • PNS can regenerate most nerves, while CNS cannot (correct)
  • Both CNS and PNS can regenerate neurons equally

    • What analogy is used to describe the function of the brain within the CNS?

    <p>CPU of a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic does NOT describe the Central Nervous System?

    <p>Controls autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of response, what role does the PNS serve in the body?

    <p>Sends responses from the CNS to effector organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is a primary function of the CNS?

    <p>Taking in sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the spinal cord primarily function as in the CNS?

    <p>Central cable for messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To collect and send information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the central nervous system?

    <p>It includes the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the peripheral nervous system differ from the central nervous system?

    <p>It connects the brain and spinal cord to other body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of aging on the nervous system?

    <p>Potential permanent nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the nervous system involves interpreting signals from sensory input?

    <p>Integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron is responsible for transmitting signals from sensory organs to the brain?

    <p>Sensory neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

    <p>To insulate and protect axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bundle of neurons wrapped in connective tissue called?

    <p>Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates the electricity necessary for neurons to communicate?

    <p>The movement of charged ions across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the voltage across a neuron's membrane when it is not excited?

    <p>Resting potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions contribute to the negative charge inside a resting neuron?

    <p>Potassium ions (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the polarity of the cell during an action potential?

    <p>It becomes more positive inside than outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the negative charge inside a resting neuron?

    <p>Presence of large proteins that cannot diffuse outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the change in electric potential that occurs when the neuron is activated?

    <p>Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the concentration gradients of ions in neurons?

    <p>Sodium and potassium pumps actively maintain the gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do neurotransmitter molecules have on a neuron's membrane potential?

    <p>They change the charge across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the membrane potential after an action potential?

    <p>It stabilizes at a resting potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the refractory period?

    <p>Na+ voltage gated channels are closed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of axon demonstrates faster conduction of nerve impulses?

    <p>Myelinated axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of travel for an action potential?

    <p>It propagates only forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion channels remain closed during the refractory period?

    <p>Na+ voltage gated channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sodium/potassium pump in action potentials?

    <p>It stabilizes resting membrane potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the action of Na+/K+ leak channels?

    <p>They maintain the resting membrane potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a myelinated axon, what aspect of the axon facilitates faster conduction?

    <p>The sheath that insulates the axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dura mater?

    <p>To allow blood to leave the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers of meninges is closest to the brain tissue?

    <p>Pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT usually found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?

    <p>To protect the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an accumulation of CSF in the ventricles?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>Choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the subarachnoid space contain?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates the arachnoid mater from the dura mater?

    <p>Absence of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CNS vs PNS

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Receives sensory information, processes it, and sends responses to effector organs.
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Transmits information to the CNS and carries responses from the CNS to effector organs.

    Neuron Regeneration

    • CNS: Unable to regenerate.
    • PNS: Most nerves can regenerate.

    The Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • Brain: The central processing unit (CPU) of the body, responsible for various functions like awareness, movement, thinking, speech, and the five senses.
    • Spinal Cord: The central cable connecting the brain to the rest of the body, carrying messages to and from the brain.
    • Nerves: Carry messages to every part of the body and back to the brain.

    Characteristics of Brain and Spinal Cord

    • Nervous System: A complex network of nerves and cells.
    • Neurons: Specialized cells that collect and send information.
    • Nerve: A bundle of neurons wrapped in connective tissue.

    Functions of the Nervous System

    • Sensory Input: Monitors changes inside and outside the body, sending signals to the brain.
    • Integration: Interprets sensory signals to form an appropriate response.
    • Motor Output: Activates muscles and glands to generate a response.

    Types of Neurons

    • Sensory neurons: Transmit sensory information from the body to the CNS.
    • Motor neurons: Transmit motor signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.
    • Interneurons: Connect neurons within the CNS.

    Nerve Signal Conduction

    • Action Potential: The nerve signal, conducted by the axon.
    • Resting Potential: The voltage difference across the cell membrane when the neuron is at rest.
    • Ions: Charged particles that create the electrical signal in neurons.

    Resting Neuron

    • More sodium ions (Na+) outside the cell, and more potassium ions (K+) inside the cell.
    • Large proteins inside the cell cannot move outside, contributing to the negative charge inside the cell.

    Action Potential

    • Depolarization: The membrane potential becomes more positive, as sodium ions rush into the cell.
    • Repolarization: The membrane potential returns to its resting state, as potassium ions move out of the cell.

    Speed of Action Potential

    • Myelinated Axons: Conduction of nerve impulses is faster because myelin insulates the axon.

    Meninges

    • Dura Mater: Tough, fibrous outer layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
    • Arachnoid Mater: Thin middle layer with a spiderweb-like appearance.
    • Pia Mater: Thin, innermost layer, tightly held together, containing blood vessels.

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • Colorless liquid protecting the brain and spinal cord.
    • Produced by the choroid plexus of the ventricles.
    • Functions:
      • Provides a chemical environment for neuronal signaling.
      • Protects the brain and spinal cord from injury.
      • Allows exchange of nutrients.
      • Prevents the brain from compressing blood vessels.

    Hydrocephalus

    • Accumulation of CSF in the ventricles, leading to an enlarged skull and potentially brain damage.

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    Description

    Explore the key differences between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) in this informative quiz. Understand the roles of the brain, spinal cord, and the regeneration capabilities of neurons. Test your knowledge about how these systems work together to process information.

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