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Questions and Answers
What is one key role of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
What is one key role of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
- Stores long-term memory
- Processes sensory information (correct)
- Regulates hormone production
- Manages blood flow
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for sending information to the CNS?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for sending information to the CNS?
- Somatic Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System (correct)
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Central Nervous System
Which of the following statements is true regarding neuron regeneration in the CNS and PNS?
Which of the following statements is true regarding neuron regeneration in the CNS and PNS?
- CNS is capable of regeneration, PNS is not
- Neither CNS nor PNS can regenerate neurons
- PNS can regenerate most nerves, while CNS cannot (correct)
- Both CNS and PNS can regenerate neurons equally
What analogy is used to describe the function of the brain within the CNS?
What analogy is used to describe the function of the brain within the CNS?
Which characteristic does NOT describe the Central Nervous System?
Which characteristic does NOT describe the Central Nervous System?
In terms of response, what role does the PNS serve in the body?
In terms of response, what role does the PNS serve in the body?
Which process is a primary function of the CNS?
Which process is a primary function of the CNS?
What does the spinal cord primarily function as in the CNS?
What does the spinal cord primarily function as in the CNS?
What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?
What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?
Which statement best describes the central nervous system?
Which statement best describes the central nervous system?
How does the peripheral nervous system differ from the central nervous system?
How does the peripheral nervous system differ from the central nervous system?
What is one effect of aging on the nervous system?
What is one effect of aging on the nervous system?
Which function of the nervous system involves interpreting signals from sensory input?
Which function of the nervous system involves interpreting signals from sensory input?
What type of neuron is responsible for transmitting signals from sensory organs to the brain?
What type of neuron is responsible for transmitting signals from sensory organs to the brain?
What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?
What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?
What is a bundle of neurons wrapped in connective tissue called?
What is a bundle of neurons wrapped in connective tissue called?
What creates the electricity necessary for neurons to communicate?
What creates the electricity necessary for neurons to communicate?
What is the term for the voltage across a neuron's membrane when it is not excited?
What is the term for the voltage across a neuron's membrane when it is not excited?
Which ions contribute to the negative charge inside a resting neuron?
Which ions contribute to the negative charge inside a resting neuron?
What happens to the polarity of the cell during an action potential?
What happens to the polarity of the cell during an action potential?
What primarily causes the negative charge inside a resting neuron?
What primarily causes the negative charge inside a resting neuron?
What term describes the change in electric potential that occurs when the neuron is activated?
What term describes the change in electric potential that occurs when the neuron is activated?
What is the primary reason for the concentration gradients of ions in neurons?
What is the primary reason for the concentration gradients of ions in neurons?
What effect do neurotransmitter molecules have on a neuron's membrane potential?
What effect do neurotransmitter molecules have on a neuron's membrane potential?
What happens to the membrane potential after an action potential?
What happens to the membrane potential after an action potential?
What occurs during the refractory period?
What occurs during the refractory period?
Which type of axon demonstrates faster conduction of nerve impulses?
Which type of axon demonstrates faster conduction of nerve impulses?
What is the direction of travel for an action potential?
What is the direction of travel for an action potential?
Which ion channels remain closed during the refractory period?
Which ion channels remain closed during the refractory period?
What is the role of the sodium/potassium pump in action potentials?
What is the role of the sodium/potassium pump in action potentials?
Which of the following best describes the action of Na+/K+ leak channels?
Which of the following best describes the action of Na+/K+ leak channels?
In a myelinated axon, what aspect of the axon facilitates faster conduction?
In a myelinated axon, what aspect of the axon facilitates faster conduction?
What is the primary function of the dura mater?
What is the primary function of the dura mater?
Which of the following layers of meninges is closest to the brain tissue?
Which of the following layers of meninges is closest to the brain tissue?
Which component is NOT usually found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Which component is NOT usually found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?
What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?
What condition is characterized by an accumulation of CSF in the ventricles?
What condition is characterized by an accumulation of CSF in the ventricles?
Which structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid?
Which structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid?
What does the subarachnoid space contain?
What does the subarachnoid space contain?
Which characteristic differentiates the arachnoid mater from the dura mater?
Which characteristic differentiates the arachnoid mater from the dura mater?
Study Notes
CNS vs PNS
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Receives sensory information, processes it, and sends responses to effector organs.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Transmits information to the CNS and carries responses from the CNS to effector organs.
Neuron Regeneration
- CNS: Unable to regenerate.
- PNS: Most nerves can regenerate.
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Brain: The central processing unit (CPU) of the body, responsible for various functions like awareness, movement, thinking, speech, and the five senses.
- Spinal Cord: The central cable connecting the brain to the rest of the body, carrying messages to and from the brain.
- Nerves: Carry messages to every part of the body and back to the brain.
Characteristics of Brain and Spinal Cord
- Nervous System: A complex network of nerves and cells.
- Neurons: Specialized cells that collect and send information.
- Nerve: A bundle of neurons wrapped in connective tissue.
Functions of the Nervous System
- Sensory Input: Monitors changes inside and outside the body, sending signals to the brain.
- Integration: Interprets sensory signals to form an appropriate response.
- Motor Output: Activates muscles and glands to generate a response.
Types of Neurons
- Sensory neurons: Transmit sensory information from the body to the CNS.
- Motor neurons: Transmit motor signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.
- Interneurons: Connect neurons within the CNS.
Nerve Signal Conduction
- Action Potential: The nerve signal, conducted by the axon.
- Resting Potential: The voltage difference across the cell membrane when the neuron is at rest.
- Ions: Charged particles that create the electrical signal in neurons.
Resting Neuron
- More sodium ions (Na+) outside the cell, and more potassium ions (K+) inside the cell.
- Large proteins inside the cell cannot move outside, contributing to the negative charge inside the cell.
Action Potential
- Depolarization: The membrane potential becomes more positive, as sodium ions rush into the cell.
- Repolarization: The membrane potential returns to its resting state, as potassium ions move out of the cell.
Speed of Action Potential
- Myelinated Axons: Conduction of nerve impulses is faster because myelin insulates the axon.
Meninges
- Dura Mater: Tough, fibrous outer layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
- Arachnoid Mater: Thin middle layer with a spiderweb-like appearance.
- Pia Mater: Thin, innermost layer, tightly held together, containing blood vessels.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Colorless liquid protecting the brain and spinal cord.
- Produced by the choroid plexus of the ventricles.
- Functions:
- Provides a chemical environment for neuronal signaling.
- Protects the brain and spinal cord from injury.
- Allows exchange of nutrients.
- Prevents the brain from compressing blood vessels.
Hydrocephalus
- Accumulation of CSF in the ventricles, leading to an enlarged skull and potentially brain damage.
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Description
Explore the key differences between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) in this informative quiz. Understand the roles of the brain, spinal cord, and the regeneration capabilities of neurons. Test your knowledge about how these systems work together to process information.
