Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of tumor is typically composed of a large cyst with a mural nodule of solid tumor?
What type of tumor is typically composed of a large cyst with a mural nodule of solid tumor?
Which tumor type is characterized by the presence of Rosenthal fibers?
Which tumor type is characterized by the presence of Rosenthal fibers?
What type of tumor tends to occur in the ventricular system in children and may produce obstructive hydrocephalus?
What type of tumor tends to occur in the ventricular system in children and may produce obstructive hydrocephalus?
Which tumor type presents with small round blue cells with Homer Wright rosettes?
Which tumor type presents with small round blue cells with Homer Wright rosettes?
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Which tumor is described as having an 'Antoni A' pattern on the left with palisading nuclei surrounding pink areas (Verocay bodies)?
Which tumor is described as having an 'Antoni A' pattern on the left with palisading nuclei surrounding pink areas (Verocay bodies)?
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Which tumor arises in the acoustic (eighth cranial) nerve at the cerebellopontine angle?
Which tumor arises in the acoustic (eighth cranial) nerve at the cerebellopontine angle?
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What is the main histological feature seen in Alzheimer's disease?
What is the main histological feature seen in Alzheimer's disease?
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Which disease is associated with atrophy of the striatum and ventricular dilation?
Which disease is associated with atrophy of the striatum and ventricular dilation?
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What staining method is used to visualize MS plaques for myelin?
What staining method is used to visualize MS plaques for myelin?
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What is the characteristic feature of glioblastoma on histology?
What is the characteristic feature of glioblastoma on histology?
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Which disease is associated with pleomorphism and higher cellularity on histopathological examination?
Which disease is associated with pleomorphism and higher cellularity on histopathological examination?
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What is the main component of Lewy bodies found in Parkinson's disease?
What is the main component of Lewy bodies found in Parkinson's disease?
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Study Notes
CNS Pathology Lab
Gross Features of CNS Pathology
- Cerebral atrophy is characterized by narrowed gyri and widened sulci, most prominent in the frontal and parietal regions.
- Pallor of substantia nigra is due to degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons.
Alzheimer's Disease
- Characterized by diffuse plaques and neuritic plaques.
- Neurofibrillary tangles are present.
Parkinson's Disease
- Lewy body in a neuron from the substantia nigra is composed of α-synuclein.
Huntington's Disease
- Atrophy of the striatum (caudate, putamen) and ventricular dilation occur.
- Caudate nucleus demonstrates loss of neurons along with gliosis.
- Intranuclear inclusions are present.
Multiple Sclerosis
- MS plaques are characterized by unstained regions of demyelination around the fourth ventricle.
- Luxol fast blue-PAS stain is used to stain myelin.
Gliomas
- Diffuse glioma appears as a cystic mass in the peripheral cerebral hemisphere with indistinct borders.
- High-grade glioma (glioblastoma, grade 4) is characterized by:
- Large destructive lesion with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.
- Marked cellularity, with hyperchromatism and pleomorphism.
- Prominent vascularity along with palisading necrosis.
- Pilocytic astrocytoma (circumscribed glioma, grade 1) is characterized by:
- Mild cellularity with elongated cells and Rosenthal fibers.
- Typically occurs in the cerebellum in children.
Meningioma
- Appears as a compressive mass beneath the dura, compressing the underlying cerebral hemisphere.
- Characterized by:
- Whorled nests of cells (meningiothelial growth pattern).
- Many small vessels, leading to significant vascularity with angiographic procedures.
- Psammoma bodies are present.
Ependymoma
- Typically occurs in the ventricular system in children.
- Can produce obstructive hydrocephalus.
- Characterized by:
- Rosettes/canals with long, delicate processes extending into a lumen (pseudo rosette).
- Cells arranged around a central vascular space.
Medulloblastoma
- Typically occurs in the posterior fossa near the midline of the cerebellum.
- Characterized by:
- Small round blue cells with Homer Wright rosettes.
- Common in children.
Schwannoma
- Firm mass arises in the peripheral nerve (e.g., acoustic (eighth cranial) nerve at the cerebellopontine angle).
- Characterized by:
- "Antoni A" pattern with more cellular, palisading nuclei surrounding pink areas (Verocay bodies).
- "Antoni B" pattern with a looser stroma, fewer cells, and myxoid change.
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Description
Learn about diffuse plaques, neuritic plaques, cerebral atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, substantia nigra degeneration, and Lewy bodies in this CNS pathology lab quiz.
