CNS Depressants and Anesthetics Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of anxiety?

Enhanced responsiveness to stimuli

A feeling of tension and apprehension (correct)

A state of full consciousness

A complete loss of awareness

Which type of anesthetics does not result in full unconsciousness?

Local Anesthetics (correct)

Intravenous Anesthetics

General Anesthetics

Sedative Hypnotics

What is the primary drug of choice for ADHD?

Stimulants (correct)

Benzodiazepines

Opioids

Barbiturates

Which medication class is primarily used for treating narcolepsy?

CNS Stimulants Signup and view all the answers

What describes sedation?

Reduced responsiveness without total unconsciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about hypnotics?

They cause sleep through CNS depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding barbiturates?

They are safer than benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of anesthesia?

Selective Anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary effect of benzodiazepines when used for neuromuscular disorders?

Potentiate GABA effects Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered a first-line treatment for absence seizures?

Ethosuximide Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early symptom of Myasthenia Gravis?

Diplopia (double vision) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for cholinesterase inhibitors used in Myasthenia Gravis?

Inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is commonly associated with the use of benzodiazepines?

Sedation and drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of balanced anesthesia?

To achieve analgesia, muscle relaxation, and loss of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes local anesthetics?

They block pain at the site of administration while maintaining consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of topical local anesthetics?

Temporarily numbing skin or mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is commonly used as a pre-operative medication to control salivation?

Anticholinergics Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of anesthesia does the patient experience loss of consciousness?

Surgical anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following local anesthetics can be used for children during minor procedures?

Lidocaine Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial effect of analgesia in the stages of anesthesia?

Awake and ends with loss of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of local anesthetic?

Sedative hypnotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of amantadine?

Increases dopamine production Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class does bromocriptine belong to?

Dopamine agonist Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored to prevent injury in patients taking dopaminergic medications?

Heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is classified as a cholinesterase inhibitor?

Donepezil Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glutamate in the human brain?

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of edrophonium chloride in managing multiple sclerosis?

To manage muscle contractions and improve coordination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes multiple sclerosis?

It is an autoimmune disorder affecting the myelin sheath. Signup and view all the answers

What age group and gender is mostly affected by multiple sclerosis?

Caucasian women aged 20-40 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of atropine sulfate in the context of central nervous system treatments?

To act as an antidote to certain neurological agents Signup and view all the answers

Muscle spasticity in multiple sclerosis is primarily caused by damage to which part of the nervous system?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sign of muscle spasms?

Painful involuntary contractions Signup and view all the answers

What management approach is indicated for acute attacks of multiple sclerosis?

Glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the basal ganglia within the central nervous system?

To regulate posture and automatic adjustments Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to muscle spasticity as described in the content?

Muscle overstretching Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of lactic acid accumulation during muscle spasms?

Resulting pain in the muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CNS DEPRESSANTS ANXIOLYTICS AND HYPNOTICS CNS STIMULANTS

Anxiety is a feeling of tension, nervousness, apprehension or fear involving unpleasant reaction to stimuli.
Sedation is the loss of awareness and reaction to environmental stimuli.
Hypnosis is the reduction of awareness and reaction to environmental stimuli without loss of consciousness.
Anesthetics are drugs used to produce a state of anesthesia.
Anesthesia is the loss of sensation or the feeling of pain.
Local Anesthetics block pain at the site where the drug is administered.
General Anesthetics are administered intravenously or inhaled, resulting in a loss of consciousness.

STAGES OF ANESTHESIA

Analgesia is the first stage where patient begins awake and ends with loss of consciousness where the patient experience loss of pain sensation.
Stage 2, is the excitatory stage marked by excitement and delirium and increase in vital signs.
Stage 3 the surgical stage, patients' vitals are stable and there is muscle relaxation.
Stage 4 is the overdose stage, marked by severe respiratory depression and circulatory failure.

DRUGS FOR NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that impairs transmission of nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junction.
Myasthenia gravis is caused by the destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in decreased acetylcholine transmission to muscles.

DRUGS FOR ABSENCE SEIZURES (PETIT MAL)

Succinimides are used for absence seizures (petit mal).
Ethosuximide (Zarontin) is a first-line drug for absence seizures.
Succinimides can cause bone marrow suppression, so it is important to monitor white blood cell counts.

DRUGS FOR MUSCLE SPASMS/ MUSCLE RELAXANTS

Muscle spasms are caused by the overstretching of a muscle, tearing a tendon or ligament, or cutting off blood flow to the muscle fibers.
Muscle spasticity is caused by damage to neurons in the central nervous system.
Muscle spasms and spasticity can lead to pain, contractures, and permanent disability.

DRUGS/MANAGEMENT FOR MS

Glucocorticoids are used for acute attacks of multiple sclerosis (MS).
Amantadine (Symmetrel) and bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) are dopamine agonists used to increase mobility and decrease rigidity in MS patients.

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss and cognitive decline.
The drug of choice for Alzheimer's disease is donepezil (Aricept), a cholinesterase inhibitor.
Other medications used for Alzheimer's disease include galantamine (Razadyne), memantine (Namenda), and rivastigmine (Exelon).
Memantine is an NMDA antagonist, a glutamate receptor, that play's an important role in synaptic plasticity, believed to be the basis of memory formation.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on CNS depressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics, along with anesthetic stages. This quiz covers the definitions, effects, and processes associated with sedation, hypnosis, and anesthesia. Perfect for students in medical or pharmacology courses!