Cluster Computing Quiz
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What is a primary benefit of cluster computing?

  • It enhanced system performance by using a single powerful computer.
  • It simplifies software development by using only one programming language.
  • It eliminates the need for any servers or nodes in the system.
  • It offers a high-speed computational power for data-intensive applications. (correct)

    • Which of the following describes scalability in cluster computing?

  • The ability to improve computational power by using larger individual servers.
  • The fixed size of the computing resources that cannot be altered.
  • The capability to add or remove computing resources without disrupting operations. (correct)
  • The requirement to use specialized hardware for server management.

    • What is meant by fault tolerance in cluster computing?

  • The system relies on virtual machines that can restart automatically.
  • The system completely shuts down during node failures.
  • The system provides minimal service interruptions despite node failures. (correct)
  • The system can only operate if all nodes are functional.

    • How does cluster computing enhance cost-effectiveness?

    <p>By using commodity hardware that is less expensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cluster computing, what are the individual servers or computers in the cluster referred to as?

    <p>Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural models can cluster computing utilize?

    <p>Client-server and peer-to-peer models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cluster computing assist with operational needs during server shutdowns?

    <p>By automatically transferring tasks to non-shutdown servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the defining feature of cluster computing?

    <p>Multiple interconnected units functioning as a singular system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data distribution in this context?

    <p>To handle growing data volumes and reduce server costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sharding primarily concerned with?

    <p>Partitioning large datasets into smaller chunks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of data distribution?

    <p>Reduced availability of the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the master node in a master-slave configuration?

    <p>To manage all write requests and direct slaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sharding improve fault tolerance?

    <p>By limiting the impact of a node failure to its own shard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does replication entail in data management?

    <p>Creating copies of the same data on multiple servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about replication is true?

    <p>Replication allows data to be available across multiple nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of the master-slave model?

    <p>It suffers from a single point of failure at the master node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might sharding be necessary as data size increases?

    <p>To distribute data across multiple nodes, preventing storage shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sharding have on the number of transactions each node handles?

    <p>It reduces the number of transactions for each node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the master-slave configuration handle read requests?

    <p>Read requests can be fulfilled by any slave node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'node' refer to in the context of sharding?

    <p>A server or machine that stores data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does replication offer in terms of system performance?

    <p>It enhances system performance during intensive read operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is the master-slave replication model ideally suited for?

    <p>Read-intensive operations where data demand is high.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a master-slave model, what happens when the master node fails?

    <p>Write requests are temporarily unsustainable until a new master is assigned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of model overcomes some limitations of the master-slave configuration?

    <p>Peer-to-peer model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of load balancing in industries such as billing and banking?

    <p>To spread the workload across multiple servers to ensure zero loss of transaction data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which load balancing algorithm distributes the load based on assigned weights?

    <p>Weight based load balancing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario does random load balancing perform best?

    <p>In homogeneous clusters with similarly configured machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a symmetric cluster structure?

    <p>Each node operates independently and can run applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does server affinity load balancing do?

    <p>Remembers the last server used by a client and routes subsequent requests to it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of asymmetric cluster structures?

    <p>One primary node connects users to the remaining nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes load balancing?

    <p>A strategy to distribute workloads across multiple servers to optimize resource use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which load balancing method resets after going through the list of servers?

    <p>Round robin load balancing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to write operations if the master shard becomes non-operational?

    <p>Write operations will fail until the master shard is operational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a benefit of combining sharding and peer to peer replication?

    <p>It improves fault tolerance by distributing data across multiple peers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a sharding setup, which node acts as the master for Shard A?

    <p>Node A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of using a master-slave replication model in sharding?

    <p>It reduces the fault tolerance for write operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the combination of sharding and replication improve scalability?

    <p>By spreading data across multiple nodes and managing replicas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about replicating shards in a peer to peer setup is true?

    <p>Peers are responsible only for a subset of the entire dataset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system improvement is NOT achieved by combining sharding with replication?

    <p>Elimination of the need for write operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a system utilizing sharding with multiple masters typically manage data consistency?

    <p>By maintaining exclusive write operations to the master shard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following databases is categorized as NoSQL?

    <p>MongoDB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does RDBMS systems typically exhibit that NoSQL systems do not?

    <p>ACID properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes RDBMS less ideal for handling big data applications?

    <p>Requirement for fixed schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes NoSQL databases?

    <p>They can distribute data across different storage paradigms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of using traditional RDBMS for big data solutions?

    <p>They can store only structured data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which circumstances might NoSQL databases be preferred over RDBMS?

    <p>When data variability and velocity are high.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is associated with the BASE model used by NoSQL databases?

    <p>Basic availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'CAP' theorem in NoSQL databases stand for?

    <p>Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Big Data Storage Concepts

    • Data is accessed through multiple organizational structures, significantly improved by the big data revolution.
    • Hadoop, an open-source framework, is crucial for storing and analyzing large volumes of data on commodity hardware clusters.
    • Hadoop effectively stores unstructured and semi-structured data, acting as an online archive. It can also handle structured data, which might be more expensive with traditional storage systems.
    • Data stored in Hadoop is transferred to warehouses, then to data marts and other downstream systems enabling users to access and analyze this data with query tools.
    • MapReduce programs process vast raw data in Hadoop, enabling data analysis applications.

    Cluster Computing

    • A distributed or parallel computing system, comprising multiple standalone PCs (servers or nodes) connected for integrated and highly available resource use.
    • Multiple computing resources combine to form a larger, more powerful virtual computer, each running an instance of the operating system.
    • Cluster components are linked through local area networks (LANs) to enhance system performance and reliability via high availability and load balancing.
    • Cluster benefits include high availability, fault tolerance, cost-effective hardware, and scalable performance with easily adjustable performance depending on demand.

    Data Distribution Models

    • Sharding: Horizontally partitions very large data sets into smaller, manageable chunks (shards) distributed across multiple nodes (servers). Shards share the same schema collectively representing the whole dataset. This enhances fault tolerance.
    • Replication: Creates copies of data across multiple servers. This increases data availability, because if one server fails, data remains available on other replicas.

    Data Models(Relational and Non-Relational)

    • Relational Databases: Organize data into tables with rows (records) and columns (attributes). Databases having two or more tables related are relational.
    • NoSQL Databases: Not only SQL databases, schema-less designs handle various data types and volumes. Support data that doesn't adhere to structured formats.

    Data Replication (Master-Slave Model)

    • A master node manages all writes (inserting, updating, and deleting data). Multiple slave nodes replicate this data keeping it consistent. The master node controls the flow of data to slaves.
    • The process of ensuring consistent data on all nodes (slaves), when a write occurs it's replicated to all nodes.
    • If the master fails, the system can revert to a backup or select another node.

    Data Replication (Peer-to-Peer Model)

    • In peer-to-peer systems, each node has equal responsibility; neither a primary or master node exists. All nodes can act as a server and client sharing resources.
    • Writes are spread across all nodes, improving scalability and fault tolerance, and making the system less susceptible to single points of failure.
    • Peer-to-peer replication could be prone to write inconsistencies if multiple nodes update the same data simultaneously. This can cause variations or incorrect results. To address this, consistency strategies (pessimistic and optimistic) may be employed.

    Scaling (Up and Out)

    • Scaling up: Improving system performance by adding resources to an existing server, such as processing power, memory, etc. Often cost efficient when applicable.
    • Scaling out: Increasing capacity by adding new servers (nodes). It's often used for managing massive data growth. The new servers share the workload improving performance and stability.

    Big Data Storage Concepts Recap

    • Cluster computing is good for high availability and scalability.
    • Distributing data through sharding and replication improves data management.
    • Distributed file systems (like HDFS) offer better resilience and efficiency.
    • Non-relational databases (NoSQL) and hybrid databases (NewSQL) are becoming increasingly relevant as the need for data handling improves.

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    Big Data Storage Concepts PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cluster computing concepts, including scalability, fault tolerance, and data distribution. This quiz will cover various architectural models, the role of master nodes, and the benefits of sharding. Perfect for students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of cluster computing.

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