Cloud Fundamentals and Google Cloud Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which Google Cloud product is specifically designed for large-scale data analytics?

  • Cloud Bigtable
  • BigQuery (correct)
  • Cloud Pub/Sub
  • Cloud Spanner

Cloud SQL provides automatic failover across multiple geographic regions for web applications.

False (B)

What storage option should be chosen for low-cost, durable backup data that must be retained for 10 years?

Cloud Storage Coldline

The product that automatically distributes traffic across multiple regions to ensure high availability is called __________.

<p>Cloud Load Balancing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Google Cloud products with their primary functions:

<p>Cloud Bigtable = Optimized for NoSQL workloads Cloud Pub/Sub = Messaging service Cloud Spanner = Relational database service BigQuery = Large-scale data analytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Cloud Trace?

<p>To track latency and find bottlenecks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

SLA, SLO, and SLI are all terms related to service performance measures.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SRE stand for?

<p>Site Reliability Engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

___ is a lightweight environment that packages and isolates software.

<p>Container</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their explanations:

<p>Cloud Logging = Tracks and analyzes logs from applications Cloud Monitoring = Provides metrics and insights for cloud infrastructure health Serverless Computing = Running applications without managing servers Rehosting = Moving applications without changing them</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of DevOps?

<p>Increased need for manual deployments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Service Account in Google Cloud?

<p>To automate services and access resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of least privilege aims to maximize access for users.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kubernetes is designed for automating the management of physical servers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does TCO stand for in the context of cloud computing?

<p>Total Cost of Ownership</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Looker?

<p>Business intelligence tool for exploring and visualizing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ongoing costs for running business operations, such as cloud services, are referred to as ______.

<p>OpEx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Google Cloud products with their primary usage:

<p>Compute Engine = Virtual machines Cloud Storage = Object storage solution BigQuery = Data warehousing for analytics Cloud Pub/Sub = Messaging service</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Google Cloud tool is used for managing and deploying containerized applications?

<p>Google Kubernetes Engine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Latency refers to the data transfer rate across a network.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Cloud Identity in Google Cloud?

<p>Identity and access management for users</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best structure to organize resources within an organization?

<p>One folder per team (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Optimizing resource consumption is a long-term solution for managing resources in an organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of gradually migrating workloads to the cloud?

<p>It allows for utilizing resources as needed and reduces infrastructure management concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The top-level node of the hierarchy in an organization is called the ______.

<p>Organization resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should not be taken to ensure long-term resource availability?

<p>Invest in on-premises infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the actions with their benefits regarding scaling applications and services:

<p>Gradually migrate to the cloud = Leverages elasticity and reduces management overhead Optimize resource consumption = Ensures current resources are not exhausted Invest in on-premises infrastructure = Addresses immediate resource needs Automate deployments = Reduces operational costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increasing resource consumption will guarantee positive financial growth for an organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for a small organization looking to expand globally within two weeks?

<p>Scale applications and services by migrating to the cloud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes the advantages of IaaS?

<p>Enables reliable scaling without focusing on infrastructure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Compute Engine is ideal for minimizing operational overhead when deploying a microservices application.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using App Engine for deploying a microservices application?

<p>It is a fully managed platform that handles scaling automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ allows businesses to scale efficiently without managing infrastructure.

<p>IaaS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Google Cloud services with their appropriate functions.

<p>Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) = Requires managing a Kubernetes cluster Cloud Functions = Best for event-driven applications App Engine = Fully managed platform for microservices Compute Engine = Involves managing virtual machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Google Cloud product is the most suitable for handling large unstructured data quickly?

<p>Cloud Bigtable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cloud Functions is the best choice for all types of microservices deployments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of hiring more engineers to solve scalability issues?

<p>It increases costs without addressing the underlying problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option allows for hybrid integration with a private cloud provider?

<p>Using Google Cloud as a public cloud provider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Migrating to a public cloud allows for a better costing model due to the pay-as-you-go advantage.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of using a public cloud provider compared to a private hosting provider?

<p>Pay-as-you-go pricing model</p> Signup and view all the answers

To improve reliable scaling and reduce maintenance burden, organizations should consider migrating to __________.

<p>infrastructure-as-a-service</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for organizations experiencing unpredictable spikes in maintenance burden?

<p>Hire more engineers for development (A), Expand infrastructure with additional resources (B), Invest in premium networking equipment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the solution with its benefit:

<p>Hybrid clouds = Allow gradual migration to public cloud Public cloud = Pay-as-you-go pricing Private hosting = Limited scalability options On-premises infrastructure = High maintenance burden due to spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Investing in powerful servers will reduce latency for your services effectively.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution for an organization facing a rapidly increasing data storage requirement?

<p>Migrate to a public cloud provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Service Accounts

Used for automated services to authenticate and access resources.

Cloud Security Command Center

A centralized platform for managing security and risks across Google Cloud.

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

Analyzing all the costs associated with maintaining infrastructure, including hardware, software, maintenance, downtime, and support.

Capital Expenditure (CapEx)

One-time purchase of fixed assets like servers.

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Operational Expenditure (OpEx)

Ongoing costs for running business operations, like cloud services.

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Latency

The delay in data transmission, typically measured in milliseconds.

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Bandwidth

The data transfer rate across a network.

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App Engine

A platform for building scalable web apps and mobile backends without managing infrastructure.

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DevOps

A set of practices aiming to unify software development and IT operations to shorten the development lifecycle.

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What is the best structure for organizing resources in a growing organization?

A folder structure that isolates requirements for different departments and teams. This approach ensures that resources within a team are kept separate, while still allowing for the organization’s central needs to be met.

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Containers

Lightweight environments that package and isolate software, making them portable and self-contained.

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Kubernetes

An open-source system for automating container deployment and management, orchestrating their lifecycle.

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How can a growing organization avoid resource limitations and ensure financial growth?

The best long-term solution for managing resource consumption as an organization grows is migrating workloads to the cloud. This allows for flexible scaling, reducing the need to invest in costly on-premises infrastructure.

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How can a small business quickly scale globally while minimizing costs?

When an organization needs to expand globally quickly, utilizing cloud services like Google Cloud Platform allows them to scale services instantly and cost-effectively to meet demands in different regions.

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Serverless Computing

Running applications without managing servers. Resources are automatically allocated by the cloud provider.

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Rehosting

Moving applications without changing them, typically from on-premises to the cloud.

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Streaming Analytics

Real-time analysis of data as it's generated, often using streaming data pipelines.

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Looker

A tool for business intelligence, enabling users to explore, visualize, and analyze data.

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Dataflow

A fully managed service for processing both stream and batch data in a scalable and reliable way.

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Why migrate to cloud?

Moving to a public cloud provider offers a cost-effective, scalable approach for managing computational resources and data storage.

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Hybrid Cloud

A hybrid cloud approach allows businesses to seamlessly integrate on-premises infrastructure with the public cloud, offering the best of both worlds.

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IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides access to virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, and networking, allowing businesses greater flexibility and scalability.

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Pay-as-you-go model

Instead of investing in expensive hardware, IaaS offers a pay-as-you-go model, where you only pay for the resources you use.

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Scalability

Public cloud providers offer services that can handle unpredictable spikes in data storage and processing demands, allowing organizations to scale up or down based on their needs.

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Reduced maintenance

Migrating to a public cloud platform can alleviate the burden of managing on-premises infrastructure, giving organizations more time to focus on their core business.

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Predictable costs

Public cloud providers offer a predictable cost model, allowing organizations to budget for their IT resources effectively.

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Latency reduction

By migrating to a public cloud platform, organizations can leverage the cloud provider's global network, minimizing latency and ensuring faster service delivery to users worldwide.

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What is BigQuery?

A serverless data warehouse designed for large-scale analytics, capable of handling structured and unstructured data.

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What is Cloud Load Balancing?

A fully managed service that automatically distributes traffic across multiple regions for high availability and failover.

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When should you use Cloud Storage Nearline?

A low-cost, durable storage option designed for infrequent access, ideal for backups and compliance.

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What is Dataflow?

A fully managed, serverless service that provides a scalable and reliable platform for processing both stream and batch data.

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What is Looker?

A business intelligence tool that allows users to explore, visualize, and analyze data, making it easier for businesses to understand their operations.

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Upgrading network infrastructure

Investing in premium networking might seem like a solution, but it doesn't tackle the underlying issues of data volume overwhelming existing infrastructure.

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Hiring more engineers

Hiring more engineers can help manage your infrastructure, but it won't solve the fundamental issues of scalability and storage capacity.

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Why IaaS is the best option?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) allows for dynamic scaling, predictable costs, and offloads infrastructure management, making it suitable for handling increasing data volumes.

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Why GKE is not suitable?

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) requires managing a Kubernetes cluster, which involves extra operational overhead.

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Why Cloud Functions are not suitable?

Cloud Functions are best suited for event-driven applications and may not be ideal for scaling microservices across different use cases.

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Why App Engine is suitable?

App Engine is a fully managed platform that handles scaling automatically and requires minimal operational overhead, making it suitable for microservices with varying traffic patterns.

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Why Compute Engine is not suitable?

Compute Engine involves managing virtual machines, leading to additional operational overhead, which contradicts the requirement for minimal management.

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Why Cloud Bigtable is suitable?

Cloud Bigtable is a NoSQL database optimized for handling vast amounts of unstructured data and providing fast processing for data analytics and machine learning tasks.

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Study Notes

Cloud Fundamentals and Google Cloud Overview

  • Cloud computing is a model for delivering computing services over the internet
  • Benefits include scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency
  • Public cloud: Third-party-managed resources shared by multiple organizations (e.g., Google Cloud)
  • Private cloud: Resources used solely by one organization (on-premises or with a third-party provider)
  • Hybrid cloud: Combination of on-premises and cloud infrastructure
  • Multi-cloud: Utilizes multiple public cloud providers to avoid vendor lock-in and enhance flexibility

Cloud Computing Models

  • IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Virtual machines, networking, storage. Virtualized infrastructure over the internet (e.g., Compute Engine).
  • PaaS (Platform as a Service): Managed runtime environments (e.g., Google App Engine)
  • SaaS (Software as a Service): Software solutions fully managed and accessible over the internet (e.g., Google Workspace).
  • Compute Power: The ability of a machine to process data, crucial for efficiency evaluation in cloud solutions

Google Cloud Infrastructure

  • Regions and Zones: Physical locations. A region is a geographical area, a zone is a deployment area within a region.
  • Global Infrastructure: Understanding Google's data centers and global network.
  • Google Cloud Console and Cloud SDK: Tools for web interface or command-line interaction with Google Cloud.

Cloud Storage

  • Buckets and Objects: Cloud Storage is an object storage service, storing data as objects in buckets
  • Storage Classes: Standard, Nearline, Coldline, and Archive for various use cases
  • Access Control: Using IAM roles to control who has access to storage

Google Cloud Databases

  • Cloud SQL: Managed relational databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
  • Cloud Spanner: Globally distributed, horizontally scalable relational database.
  • Cloud Firestore and Datastore: NoSQL document databases.
  • Bigtable: NoSQL database designed for high-throughput workloads

Data Management Concepts

  • Data Types:
    • Structured Data: Organized data, often stored in databases (e.g., customer information)
    • Unstructured Data: Data without organization, like media files and documents
    • Semi-structured Data: A hybrid of structured and unstructured, like XML or JSON files
  • Data Lake vs. Data Warehouse:
    • Data Lake: Stores raw, unprocessed data (both structured and unstructured)
    • Data Warehouse: A repository designed for structured data, optimized for fast querying and analysis
  • BigQuery: A data warehouse service allowing fast analysis of large datasets
  • Metadata: Data describing other data (e.g., file size, type)

Digital Transformation and AI/ML

  • Digital Transformation: Businesses leveraging cloud technologies to change processes and customer interactions
  • AI & ML:
    • Artificial Intelligence (AI): Machines performing tasks requiring human intelligence
    • Machine Learning (ML): A subset of AI where systems learn from data and improve over time
  • Responsible AI: Ethical considerations in AI deployment, such as fairness and transparency

Security and Compliance

  • Security Models:
    • Shared Responsibility Model: Cloud provider manages infrastructure security while customers manage cloud security (e.g., data encryption, access management).
    • Zero Trust Model: Assumes no one is trusted, requiring continuous verification before access is granted.
  • Encryption: Data protection by encoding
  • Compliance (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA): Adherence to laws, regulations
  • Defense-in-depth: Using multiple layers of security to protect data
  • Identity and Access Management (IAM): Roles and permissions(e.g., Viewer, Editor, Admin), and custom roles. Service accounts for automated services.

Cost Management

  • Cost Management: Understanding Google Cloud tools for controlling costs (e.g., Google Cloud Cost Management)
  • Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): All costs associated with maintaining infrastructure, including hardware, software, maintenance, downtime, and support
  • Capital vs. Operational Expenditures (CapEx vs. OpEx): One-time purchases (CapEx), ongoing costs (OpEx).

Monitoring and Management

  • Monitoring & Logging:
    • Cloud Logging: Tracks and analyzes logs from applications and infrastructure.
    • Cloud Monitoring: Provides metrics and insights for cloud infrastructure health.
  • SLA (Service Level Agreement), SLO (Service Level Objective), SLI (Service Level Indicator): Contract defining service availability and target performance measures for services

DevOps and Automation

  • DevOps practices: Unify software development and IT operations for faster development
  • Containerization and Kubernetes:
    • Containers: Lightweight environments packaging and isolating software
    • Kubernetes: An open-source system for automating container deployment and management
  • Serverless Computing: Applications without server management
  • Rehosting: Moving applications to the cloud without changing them

Advanced Analytics and Streaming

  • Streaming Analytics: Real-time analysis of generated data (e.g., Dataflow for pipeline processing)
  • Dataflow: Fully managed streaming and batch data processing service
  • Looker: Tool for business intelligence enabling data exploration and visualization

Google Cloud Products

  • (Detailed descriptions of products like Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, App Engine, BigQuery, Cloud Run, Firebase, Looker, Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud Deployment Manager, Cloud Build, Terraform, Cloud Operations Suite, Cloud Scheduler, Cloud Profiler, Cloud Trace)

Sample Questions (and Feedback)

  • (Detailed analysis of the sample questions and solutions provided)

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