Cloud Computing Overview Quiz
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What is the primary advantage of cloud computing when compared to traditional data centers?

  • It requires constant on-site maintenance.
  • It necessitates large physical space for servers.
  • It eliminates the need for any software.
  • It allows for lower cost and no upfront investment. (correct)

Which essential characteristic of cloud computing describes the ability to quickly scale resources in and out?

  • Broad network access
  • On-demand self-service
  • Resource pooling
  • Rapid elasticity (correct)

Which statement best reflects a disadvantage of traditional data centers?

  • They are always up-to-date without any upgrades.
  • They require significant upfront investment and maintenance. (correct)
  • They operate at maximum capacity all the time.
  • They have a lower utilization rate than cloud services.

What is often a key feature of cloud computing service models?

<p>On-demand network access to configurable resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is cloud computing often compared in terms of its service delivery?

<p>Like utility services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT one of the essential characteristics of cloud computing?

<p>Heavy dependence on physical infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons why cloud computing prevents resources from becoming idle?

<p>It allows for flexible scalability based on demand. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cloud computing considered to offer improved reliability?

<p>It allows for redundancy and automatic failover capabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a hypervisor in platform virtualization?

<p>It enables multiple guest OSs to run independently on shared hardware. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reduces overall costs in platform virtualization?

<p>Reduced hardware, power, cooling, and administration expenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of using service-oriented architectures?

<p>It helps create customizable and complex distributed applications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a security challenge in cloud computing?

<p>Vulnerability to massive outages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do virtual servers have in relation to hardware?

<p>They can operate independently of any specific hardware. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT one of the foundational aspects of cloud computing?

<p>Fault Tolerance Mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benefit does platform virtualization provide for server management?

<p>It simplifies management and allows for easy roll-backs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key issue associated with security in cloud computing?

<p>Limited access to public SaaS version controls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic allows a consumer to provision computing capabilities without human interaction?

<p>On-demand self-service (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'resource pooling' in cloud computing?

<p>Dynamic allocation of resources to serve multiple consumers simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which service model provides software applications over the internet?

<p>Software as a Service (SaaS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cloud computing, what does broad network access mean?

<p>Availability of cloud services through standard mechanisms across diverse devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does measured service contribute to cloud computing?

<p>By monitoring and controlling resource usage for transparency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows customers to have some control over resource location in cloud computing?

<p>The ability to specify resource location at an abstract level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential characteristic of cloud computing?

<p>Dedicated hardware access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering the term 'location independence', what does it imply for customers in cloud computing?

<p>Customers rarely know the exact location of their resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary security challenges related to data dispersal?

<p>Exposure of data to foreign governments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a concern when using external service providers for data storage?

<p>Inability to access internet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Amazon service allows storage and retrieval of data in scalable, reliable infrastructure?

<p>Amazon S3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What programming languages are supported by Google App Engine for development?

<p>Python and Java (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the billable resources for Google App Engine?

<p>CPU time in CPU hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature does the Google App Engine administration console provide?

<p>Message logs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge related to logging mentioned in the content?

<p>Inconsistent logging practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of service is Google App Engine categorized as?

<p>Platform as a Service (PaaS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which service model provides the client with limited control over the application, mainly through settings?

<p>SaaS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

<p>Google App Engine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

<p>Client can control the operating system and applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cloud deployment model is designed for the exclusive use of a single client?

<p>Private cloud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hybrid cloud model, what role does the public cloud play?

<p>It handles spikes in load effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be classified as a community cloud?

<p>A cloud environment shared by a group with shared concerns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of Software as a Service (SaaS)?

<p>Services are typically based on subscription models. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limits the services in a Platform as a Service (PaaS) model?

<p>APIs capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Cloud Computing?

A model with convenient, on-demand network access to shared computing resources. It allows rapid provisioning and releasing of these resources with minimal management effort.

Rapid Elasticity

The ability for cloud computing resources to be easily scaled up (increased) or down (decreased) based on demand.

Cost Savings

Cloud platforms provide on-demand access to computing resources, eliminating the need for upfront investments in software and hardware.

Scalability

Cloud computing allows businesses to scale their resources quickly, whether it's for peak demand or unexpected growth.

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High Utilization

Cloud computing offers increased utilization of resources, ensuring minimal downtime and efficient resource allocation.

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Reliability

Cloud services are designed for redundancy and fault tolerance, ensuring minimal disruption in case of failures.

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Flexibility

Cloud computing offers a flexible and adaptable infrastructure, allowing businesses to deploy applications quickly and efficiently.

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Datacenter Advantages

Cloud computing eliminates the need for traditional datacenters with their associated challenges like maintenance and peak load management.

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Broad Network Access

Users can access cloud services using any device connected to the internet, like phones, laptops, or tablets.

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Resource Pooling

The provider's resources (like storage, processing, and network bandwidth) are shared amongst multiple users.

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On-demand Self-service

A consumer (user) can easily provision computing capabilities like servers and storage without needing to manually interact with the service provider.

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Measured Service

Cloud systems automatically monitor and optimize resource usage based on demand. This provides transparency for both the provider and consumer.

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Resource Location Independence

The consumer doesn't know the exact location of their data, but can specify a broader location, like a country or region.

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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A complete cloud environment, including software, operating systems, and infrastructure, delivered as a service.

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A platform for developing and deploying applications. It provides tools and services for software creation and management.

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software delivered as a service over the internet. Users can access applications without installing or managing them.

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Platform Virtualization

A software layer that creates virtual machines (VMs) on top of physical hardware. It allows multiple operating systems to run in isolation on a single physical machine, improving resource utilization and management.

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Hypervisor

A technology that uses a hypervisor (VM Monitor) to create and manage virtual machines (VMs) on top of the physical hardware. It provides an abstraction layer between the hardware and operating systems.

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Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Design principles for building and integrating systems. It utilizes web services to connect various components, allowing for flexible and customizable applications.

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Distributed Computing

A method of distributing tasks across multiple computers, improving performance, and reducing the load on any single machine.

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Cloud Security

The challenge of ensuring data and system security in cloud environments, particularly protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.

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Browser as a Platform

The use of a web browser as a platform for accessing and running applications and services. It allows users to interact with cloud services without needing to install specific software.

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Grid Technology

A network technology that connects multiple computers, servers, and resources, enabling data exchange and communication among them.

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PaaS (Platform as a Service)

A service model where the provider delivers a platform (APIs and tools) for developers to build and run applications. The client has limited control but utilizes the platform's capabilities.

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IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

A service model where the provider offers access to virtualized computer infrastructure (physical hardware), allowing the client to control the operating system, applications, and security settings.

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Public Cloud

A cloud deployment model where a 3rd party (like Amazon, Google, or Microsoft) provides and manages the cloud infrastructure. It's often larger and more scalable than private clouds.

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Private Cloud

A cloud deployment model built and managed exclusively by a company for its own use. The organization controls all aspects of the infrastructure and data.

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Hybrid Cloud

A combination of public and private cloud models, allowing businesses to use the benefits of both. Public cloud can be used for temporary spikes in the demand, ensuring scalability.

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Community Cloud

A cloud deployment model shared by a group of organizations, often with similar needs and requirements. It's typically managed by a third party.

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SaaS (Software as a Service)

A service model where the provider delivers software applications over the network, accessible through a browser or client. The client has limited control, mainly over application settings.

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Transport Service Model Analogy

A service model where the provider hosts and makes available the vehicle, road network, and other infrastructure for the client to transport people and goods. Clients can use cars, trucks, trains, etc. for their transportation.

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What is Amazon S3?

Amazon S3 allows users to store and retrieve large amounts of data from any location on the web. It provides a simple API for accessing this highly scalable, reliable, and cost-effective data storage infrastructure.

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What are Buckets in Amazon S3?

Buckets are virtual containers within Amazon S3 that organize and store data. Each bucket is associated with a unique name and can store any form of data.

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What is Google App Engine?

Google App Engine is a PaaS (Platform as a Service) that provides a platform for developing and hosting web applications. It takes care of the infrastructure, allowing developers to focus on building apps without worrying about server management.

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What is the local development environment in Google App Engine?

Google App Engine offers a local development environment that simulates the App Engine platform on your computer. This allows developers to test and debug their applications locally before deploying them to the cloud.

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What is the domain name structure in Google App Engine?

In Google App Engine, your app's domain name will be limited to the format "yourapp".appspot.com. This structure allows for easy identification of apps hosted on Google App Engine.

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What is the administration console in Google App Engine?

The Google App Engine administration console provides a central hub for managing and monitoring your applications. It offers features like viewing statistics, accessing message logs, and managing users.

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How are Google App Engine resources billed?

Google App Engine charges for various resources like CPU time, bandwidth usage, storage space, emails sent, and the number of requests served. However, there's a free allowance for up to 5 million requests per month, making it cost-effective for smaller applications.

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Study Notes

Cloud Computing Introduction

  • Cloud computing is a model for convenient, on-demand network access to shared computing resources, such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services. These resources can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models (NIST, USA).

Lecture Outline

  • Definition of cloud computing
  • Essential characteristics of cloud computing
  • Advantages of cloud computing
  • Disadvantages of cloud computing
  • Amazon Cloud Computing Platform
  • Google App Engine
  • Summary of cloud computing

Definition

  • "Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models". (NIST, USA)

Cloud Symbol

  • The cloud symbol is a metaphor for the internet.

Traditional Datacenter Issues

  • Datacenters are designed for peak load, but resources are often idle most of the time.
  • News and e-commerce sites experience high peak loads on certain days.
  • Ongoing maintenance (hardware & software), upgrades, and rent/electricity costs are significant.

Cloud Computing Analogy

  • Cloud computing is often compared to utility services.
  • Use of virtualization (mainframe -> PC -> Cloud)

Advantages of Cloud Computing

  • Lower hardware and software/maintenance costs
  • Applications as components
  • No upfront investment in hardware or software infrastructure
  • No need for proprietary infrastructure for peak load.
  • Flexible scalability
  • Higher utilization
  • Improved reliability

Essential Characteristics

  • Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned and released, often automatically, to quickly scale in or out.
  • On-demand self-service: Consumers can unilaterally provision computing capabilities (like server time) as needed without interacting with a provider.
  • Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource usage by metering at some level of abstraction (e.g., storage, processing). Transparency is afforded to both the provider and consumer.

Essential Characteristics (Continued)

  • Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessible through standard mechanisms by heterogeneous platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops).
  • Resource pooling: The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers with dynamic assignment and re-assignment of resources.

Service Models

  • Software as a Service (SaaS)
  • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Service Models Analogy

  • People and goods: Software applications
  • Vehicles: Platform
  • Road network: Infrastructure

SaaS (Software as a Service)

  • Clients use provider's applications over the network (browser or client).
  • Clients have limited control over applications (settings).
  • Examples: Gmail, Google Apps, Salesforce.com, YouTube, Facebook.

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

  • Delivers a platform rather than a service.
  • Provides APIs for developers.
  • Services are limited by APIs capabilities.
  • Examples: Google App Engine, Mosso (Rackspace).

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

  • Provides computer hardware (typically set up as a grid).
  • Massive horizontal scalability is possible.
  • Clients have control over the operating system, applications, and firewalls, but not over the underlying cloud infrastructure.

Deployment Models

  • Public cloud: Run by third-party providers; can be much larger than a company's private cloud; portions can be reserved.
  • Private cloud: Built for the exclusive use of a client; company owns and controls the infrastructure.
  • Hybrid cloud: Combines public and private models; public cloud can handle load spikes.
  • Community cloud: Multi-site private or hybrid setup.

Foundational Elements of Cloud Computing

  • Virtualization
  • Grid technology
  • Service-oriented architecture
  • Distributed computing
  • Broadband Networks
  • Browser as a platform

Platform Virtualization

  • Host operating system provides an abstraction layer for virtual guest operating systems.
  • Hypervisor/Virtual Machine Monitor (VMware) resides between hardware and operating system.
  • Enables guest operating systems to run in isolation of other operating systems on shared hardware.
  • Allows VMs to reside independently and share resources.

Platform Virtualization (Benefits)

  • Increased physical server utilization
  • Reduced hardware, power, cooling, and administration costs
  • Reduced space
  • Hardware independent virtual servers
  • Easier Disaster Recovery
  • Support for multiple operating systems
  • Improved physical host server security

Service-Oriented Architectures

  • Design principles for system development and integration.
  • Model for using web services (requesters, registries, providers).
  • Use web services to build complex, customizable, and distributed applications.

Cloud Computing Issues

  • High-speed internet access speed
  • Security
  • Privacy
  • Performance
  • Regulatory compliance

Security Challenges

  • Attraction to hackers
  • Possibility of massive outages
  • Differences in public vs. internal cloud security
  • Lack of public SaaS version control
  • Data dispersal and international privacy laws
  • Exposure to foreign government data subpoenas
  • Data retention issues
  • Logging challenges
  • Data ownership issues
  • Quality of service guarantees

Privacy Challenges

  • Trusting a provider's security model
  • Indirect administrator accountability
  • Inability to examine proprietary implementations
  • Loss of physical control

Amazon Services

  • Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
  • Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service)
  • Amazon SimpleDB
  • Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service)
  • Amazon CloudFront (Content Delivery Network)
  • Elastic IP

Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service)

  • Simple web services interface for data storage and retrieval.
  • Accessible at any time, from anywhere in the world.
  • Highly scalable, reliable, and fast.
  • Uses an inexpensive data storage infrastructure.
  • Data stored in buckets; region-specific storage.
  • Command-line or graphical user interface (GUI) for access.

Google App Engine

  • Platform as a Service (PaaS).
  • For developing and hosting web applications.
  • OS and hardware platform not relevant.
  • Features fully featured local development environment that mimics Google App Engine.
  • Dev tools include Python and Java.
  • Domain names limited to "yourapp".appspot.com

Administration Console

  • Google App Engine features a console for managing and monitoring applications.
  • Includes tools for statistics, message logs, and user authentication via Google accounts.

Billable Resources

  • Google App Engine charges for CPU time, outgoing and incoming bandwidth, data storage, and emails sent.
  • Free allowance provided for a set number of requests per month.

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Cloud Computing Introduction PDF

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Test your knowledge of cloud computing concepts with this quiz. Explore the key benefits, characteristics, and challenges associated with cloud services and infrastructure. Ideal for students and professionals looking to deepen their understanding of cloud technology.

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