Cloud Computing Challenges and Benefits
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What is the primary advantage of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) for firms?

  • It automatically backs up all data without user intervention.
  • It eliminates the need for any form of hardware.
  • It allows firms to have complete control over software used. (correct)
  • It guarantees zero downtime.

    • What is cloudbursting primarily used for?

  • To store excessive data permanently in the cloud.
  • To provide additional capacity during periods of high demand. (correct)
  • To enhance data security and prevent breaches.
  • To maintain internal server performance by reducing workload.

    • What is a significant challenge firms face when considering cloud computing?

  • Instant scalability without any service agreements.
  • Potential high maintenance costs for old data. (correct)
  • Limited service options from cloud providers.
  • Guaranteed lower operational costs.

    • What are 'black swan' events in the context of cloud computing?

    <p>Unforeseen incidents that can significantly impact businesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact has the shift to cloud computing had on traditional server sales?

    <p>Server sales have fallen as firms seek cost-effective cloud solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of software allows a firm to grow without needing to significantly rewrite their code?

    <p>Scalability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event is associated with a routine coding error that led to a major security breach?

    <p>Heartbleed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary revenue model for vendors involved in open source software (OSS)?

    <p>Selling support and consulting services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception regarding the usage of widely adopted tools?

    <p>They are immune to vulnerabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of open source software mentioned?

    <p>SAP Business One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'agility' refer to in the context of software development?

    <p>Ability to adapt to changes quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization initiated the Core Infrastructure Initiative to support critical open source projects?

    <p>Linux Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the size of the open source software industry?

    <p>$60B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following software is primarily used for containerization?

    <p>Docker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following projects is known for overseeing contributions to improve Linux?

    <p>Red Hat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant downside that customers regularly complain about regarding Uber's pricing?

    <p>Surge pricing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following challenges does Uber face in expanding its business?

    <p>Regulatory concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does Uber utilize to maintain a high safety standard?

    <p>Real-time tracking through the Uber app</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of Uber's business model related to network effects?

    <p>Riders prefer apps with more drivers available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been accused of being a cultural trait within Uber?

    <p>Dishonesty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of professionals does Uber employ to optimize its algorithms?

    <p>Mathematicians with PhDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alternative services has Uber started to explore beyond ride-sharing?

    <p>Self-driving car tech and vertical takeoff vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of API does Uber offer to integrate with other services?

    <p>App programming interface (API)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does Uber take to manage driver supply in response to demand?

    <p>Implements surge pricing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major incident that exposed sensitive data of Uber riders and drivers?

    <p>Data breach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is XKeyscore primarily used for?

    <p>To collect comprehensive user data on the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hacker is known for improving system security without exploiting weaknesses?

    <p>White hat hackers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common tactic used in social engineering?

    <p>Impersonating authority figures to gain information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of black hat hackers?

    <p>They operate with malicious intent and violate security policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can multi-factor authentication improve security?

    <p>By requiring multiple forms of identification before granting access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is a key characteristic of worms, as opposed to viruses?

    <p>They automatically replicate and spread without user intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main danger posed by 'bad apples' within an organization?

    <p>They can steal sensitive information or install malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are users often led to compromise their passwords?

    <p>Since they struggle to remember complex passwords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which extortionists might demand payment using hacked data?

    <p>Threatening to disclose personal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one key finding demonstrated by white hat hackers regarding critical infrastructure?

    <p>Cyber attacks can disrupt essential services such as the power grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact did the Stuxnet attack reveal about the nature of cyber warfare?

    <p>Critical infrastructure can be destroyed through cyber means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events involved a significant loss of control over computer networks due to employee action?

    <p>A refusal to share critical passwords in San Francisco city government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was notably targeted by a cyber extortionist group mentioned in the content?

    <p>Domino's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant outcome of the industry's evolution post-Linux adoption?

    <p>Increased compatibility among hardware manufacturers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the total cost of ownership (TCO) increasing for Linux installations?

    <p>Limited availability of commercial support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major legal risk associated with the adoption of open-source software (OSS)?

    <p>Legal action due to patent infringement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Software as a Service (SaaS)?

    <p>Requires purchase of physical hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do SaaS firms typically generate revenue?

    <p>Through a usage-based pricing model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential risk of relying on SaaS solutions?

    <p>Unforeseen training costs due to forced upgrades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

    <p>Amazon Web Services for cloud computing resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

    <p>It delivers tools for developing software applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential downside of using cloud computing for businesses?

    <p>Dependence on network connectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the implications of the evolution of cloud computing?

    <p>Changes in cost structures for hardware and software firms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do firms benefit from using SaaS products?

    <p>Reduced need for internal IT staff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one concern with the user interface of web-based software solutions?

    <p>It can lack sophistication compared to desktop software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes it difficult for desktop Linux to attract third-party application developers?

    <p>The low market share of desktop Linux users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable challenge in the community support for open-source software?

    <p>The support may be inconsistent and unreliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 11: The Sharing Economy

    • Tech allows diverse product and service providers to connect with consumers, offering greater reach and efficiency.
    • Efforts are enabling a generation of "citizen suppliers," where product owners become rental providers.
      • Examples include: Airbnb (rooms), Turo (cars), and Boatsetters (boats).
    • A new class of micro-entrepreneurs provides personal services:
      • Car rides (Uber)
      • Pet Sitting (Rover)
      • Meal prep (Feastly)
      • Home Services (Care.com)
    • Some firms buy inventory and rent it out:
      • Rent the Runway
      • Zipcar
      • Chegg
    • Products are "collaboratively consumed." Consumers take possession of an item for a period, then return it for others' use.
    • Consumers collaborate as financiers for projects:
      • Kickstarter
      • GoFundMe
      • LendingClub
    • Internet-enabled market makers rooted in eBay and Craigslist.
    • Goods include pre-owned items (eBay, Craigslist, ThredUP), loaner products (Zilok, Rent the Runway, Chegg), and custom products (Etsy).
    • Services include professional services (Upwork, crowdSPRING), personal services (Angie's List, Handy, TaskRabbit), delivery (Doordash, Grubhub), transportation (Uber, Lyft, Didi), and loaner vehicles (Turo, Zipcar).
    • Places to Stay (Airbnb, HomeAway, Couchsurfing).
    • Office space (LiquidSpace, ShareDesk).

    Chapter 15: Open Source, Cloud, Virtualized, and App-Driven Shifts

    • Marginal Costs: Associated with each additional unit produced. For software products, this is often zero (MC=0).
    • Open-Source Software (OSS): Free software where anyone can view and modify the code. Giant companies recognized the threat posed by OSS, acknowledging the challenge of competing with free software.
    • Cloud Computing: Replacing traditional computing with services delivered over the internet on other's hardware. This is known as Software as a Service (SaaS).
    • Virtualization: Enables one computer to behave like many, consolidating resources and reducing costs.
    • Open Source: Linux is the dominant open source software operating system (OS).
      • The source code for OSS is shared openly.
      • Often used in many aspects of technology, from smartphones to stock exchanges.
    • LAMP: An acronym representing Linux, Apache, MySQL, and a programming language like PHP or Python.

    Chapter 19: Information Security

    • Info is the oil of the 21st century: Data breaches have large financial consequences.
    • Target Hack (2013): Attackers used malware to steal credit card information from the Target retail chain.
    • Equifax Breach (2017): A critical vulnerability in an open-source component of Equifax’s system was exploited, exposing the personal data of 143 million customers.
    • Cyber security risks and costs increase: The cost of cybercrime annually is around $600 billion.
    • Malware: Software that compromises a computer system without permission.
    • Viruses: Software that infects other software or files.

    Additional Points (from multiple chapters)

    • SaaS (Software as a Service): Firms deliver software over the internet, allowing users to access and utilize the software without needing to install or manage it on their own computers. It lowers costs, accelerates deployment times, and offers scalable solutions, though it creates dependencies.
    • Data breaches: Large data breaches, impacting millions of individuals and causing significant financial and reputational damage to firms, are a significant concern.
    • Cybersecurity: A crucial area needing attention. Organizations, vendors, and individuals must be aware of and mitigate threats to safeguard their data and systems.

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    BMGT301 Final Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the primary advantages and challenges of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and cloud computing. It also delves into concepts like cloudbursting and the effects of cloud computing on traditional server sales. Test your understanding of the modern cloud landscape and its implications for businesses.

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