Cloud Computing & Applications Unit 2

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Questions and Answers

What does IaaS stand for in cloud computing?

  • Information as a Service
  • Internet as a Service
  • Infrastructure as a Service (correct)
  • Integration as a Service

Which of the following is NOT a service provided by IaaS?

  • Storage services
  • Application software (correct)
  • Network services
  • Compute resources

Which of the following describes a private cloud in IaaS?

  • Infrastructure resides at the cloud vendor’s data center
  • Infrastructure is maintained entirely by a third party
  • Infrastructure resides at the customer-premise (correct)
  • Infrastructure is available for public use without restrictions

What best defines the hybrid cloud model in IaaS?

<p>Combination of both private and public clouds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary charging model used in IaaS?

<p>Pay-as-you-go model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following services does the IaaS provider offer?

<p>Load balancing capability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cloud computing stack?

<p>Networking as a Service (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key advantages of using IaaS for organizations?

<p>Outsourcing IT infrastructure management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a method for providing security in cloud communications?

<p>Implementing a firewall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS examples of?

<p>Cloud service models (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does a hybrid cloud differ from a private cloud?

<p>It combines both public and private cloud resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of a cloud ecosystem in cloud computing?

<p>To connect various components that enable cloud services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which connection method ensures that data remains meaningless if intercepted?

<p>Data encryption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a private cloud?

<p>A dedicated cloud environment for a single organization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of having a robust cloud ecosystem?

<p>It simplifies the purchase of business applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cloud service providers is known as AWS?

<p>Amazon Web Services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of SaaS regarding hardware requirements?

<p>SaaS reduces the need for additional hardware. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using SaaS?

<p>Involves potential security issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does SaaS facilitate monitoring and updates?

<p>Updates are pushed automatically by the vendor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a way clients typically connect to cloud services?

<p>Local software installation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of SaaS in terms of software accessibility?

<p>Accessible from various devices through the internet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of a total dependency on the internet for SaaS applications?

<p>Application usability is compromised without internet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about switching SaaS vendors is true?

<p>Data transfer and conversion can be difficult. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might SaaS be unsuitable for applications requiring rapid response times?

<p>The server locations can introduce latency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of cloud services that relates to initial investment costs?

<p>They charge based on the amount of services consumed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the ability of cloud services to adjust to changing demands?

<p>Scalability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cloud services support business operations in terms of location?

<p>They allow for flexibility and accessibility, being location-independent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deployment model involves using multiple cloud environments to optimize tasks?

<p>Multi cloud (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of service model in the cloud ecosystem?

<p>Platform as a Service (PaaS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which players in the cloud ecosystem are essential for creating and deploying applications?

<p>Developers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage allows organizations to enhance teamwork and transition smoothly between platforms?

<p>Integration and Collaboration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cloud deployment model is characterized by shared infrastructure between multiple organizations?

<p>Community cloud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major advantage of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

<p>On-demand scalability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of IaaS?

<p>Dependency on service provider for maintenance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key feature of Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

<p>Runtime environment for application deployment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does PaaS lower risk for developers?

<p>By eliminating the need for hardware investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue faced by IaaS users during migration?

<p>Interoperability issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a benefit of PaaS regarding development?

<p>Simplified development process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about IaaS security is true?

<p>Security is often a significant concern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of functionality may some PaaS providers offer to assist developers?

<p>Prebuilt business functionality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using multi-factor authentication over single-factor authentication?

<p>It increases security by assessing multiple risk factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application allows users to access multiple resources with a single login effort?

<p>Single Sign-On (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Compliance as a Service (CaaS) primarily assist organizations with?

<p>Regulatory compliance and management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge associated with cloud compliance?

<p>Matching the laws of areas where data is processed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a service CaaS may provide?

<p>Training staff on security protocols (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Universal Directory (UD) ensure for organizations?

<p>Only users with necessary security permissions can access data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of expertise is crucial for managing compliance in organizations?

<p>Expertise in regulatory compliance rules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which industries is Compliance as a Service commonly utilized?

<p>Healthcare, financial, and government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Cloud model that provides access to virtualized hardware resources, such as servers, storage, and networking.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A layer of cloud computing that allows developers to build and run applications on the provider's infrastructure without managing the underlying infrastructure.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Cloud model that provides access to software applications over the internet, typically on a subscription basis.

Public Cloud

A cloud deployment model where IT resources are hosted in a data center owned and operated by the cloud provider, accessible to anyone.

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Private Cloud

A cloud deployment model where IT resources are hosted in a data center owned and operated by the organization itself, not accessible to others.

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Hybrid Cloud

A cloud deployment model that combines elements of both public and private clouds, allowing organizations to leverage the best of both worlds.

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Compute

A service offered by IaaS providers that provides the computing power needed for virtual machines.

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Storage

A service offered by IaaS providers that provides storage capacity for data.

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Shared Infrastructure (IaaS)

IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure, reducing costs and improving resource utilization.

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Web Access to Resources (IaaS)

IaaS provides on-demand access to resources via the internet, allowing users to scale up or down easily.

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Pay-as-You-Go (IaaS)

IaaS providers charge only for the resources used, making it cost-effective for organizations.

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Focus on Core Business (IaaS)

IaaS frees organizations from managing IT infrastructure, allowing them to focus on their core business operations.

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On-demand Scalability (IaaS)

IaaS provides the ability to quickly scale resources up or down based on demand, avoiding the need for upfront investments in hardware.

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Tools and Services (PaaS)

PaaS vendors offer a wide range of tools and services, such as programming languages, frameworks, databases, and more, streamlining development.

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Simplified Development (PaaS)

PaaS allows developers to focus on innovation and application development, reducing the burden of managing underlying platforms.

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What is the essence of the Software as a Service (SaaS) model?

Software as a Service (SaaS) offers a single instance of the application for many users, reducing hardware and maintenance needs. Users access the software through a web browser or dedicated application. This model lowers initial setup costs and provides easy monitoring and automatic updates.

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How is SaaS typically priced?

The SaaS model operates on a subscription basis, where vendors charge based on usage parameters like the number of users. This allows businesses to adjust costs based on actual usage.

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What is the benefit of multi-device support in SaaS?

Since the application is hosted remotely, users can access SaaS services from various devices like desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. This offers great flexibility and convenience.

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Why does SaaS reduce IT support costs?

One of the key benefits of SaaS is that the service provider handles security and maintenance, reducing the need for in-house resources and expertise.

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What is the advantage of API integration in SaaS?

SaaS applications can connect to other systems and services through APIs, enabling seamless integration and data sharing. This makes it easier to streamline workflows and improve efficiency.

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Why is client-side installation not required for SaaS?

SaaS applications are often accessed directly from the provider's servers, eliminating the need for software installation on user devices. This simplifies deployment and reduces maintenance hassles.

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What is a potential security challenge in SaaS?

Data is stored in the cloud, which can raise security concerns for some users. Robust cloud security measures are essential to mitigate this risk.

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What is a major dependency of SaaS?

SaaS applications rely on internet connectivity to function. Disruptions to internet service can make the software unusable, highlighting the dependence on a stable internet connection.

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Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A secure method of transferring data by creating a virtual connection using a VPN or remote transfer protocol that encrypts the data during transfer.

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Data Encryption

Using strong encryption to protect data, even if intercepted, rendering it meaningless without the decryption key.

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Secure Shell (SSH)

A secure network connection that encrypts all communication between a client and a server.

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What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing refers to accessing applications, storage, and other resources over the internet through a shared pool of computing resources.

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What is a Cloud Ecosystem?

A cloud ecosystem is a network of interconnected components that enable cloud services, like hardware, software, cloud providers, and other businesses.

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What is a Public Cloud?

A cloud deployment model where IT resources are hosted in a data center owned and operated by the cloud provider, accessible to anyone. Example: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud.

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What is a Private Cloud?

A cloud deployment model where IT resources are hosted in a data center owned and operated by the organization itself, not accessible to others. Example: On-premise data center infrastructure.

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What is a Hybrid Cloud?

A cloud deployment model that combines elements of both public and private clouds, allowing organizations to leverage the best of both worlds. Example: AWS Outposts.

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What is a Community Cloud?

This model refers to shared resources amongst organizations within a community, such as university campuses or government agencies.

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What is a Multicloud?

This model allows an organization to use multiple cloud service providers, such as a combination of AWS and Azure for different workloads.

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Who are Cloud Providers?

Cloud providers like AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, IBM, etc., offer infrastructure, platforms, and software over the internet.

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Who are Cloud Users?

Businesses, organizations, developers, and individuals who use cloud services for hosting applications and data storage.

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Compliance as a Service (CaaS)

A cloud service involving third-party experts offering compliance-related solutions to different industries, including healthcare, finance, and government.

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What are the core components of CaaS?

CaaS involves assessing potential compliance risks, ensuring staff are adequately trained, and implementing necessary controls to meet regulatory requirements.

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How does CaaS adapt to different industries?

CaaS services cater to different industry needs, providing a variety of compliance solutions tailored to specific sectors.

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Who are the experts behind CaaS?

CaaS providers offer experts in various regulatory compliance rules and regulations, helping companies navigate complex compliance standards.

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How does outsourcing play a role in CaaS?

CaaS enables companies to outsource compliance-related activities to specialized third-party organizations, freeing up internal resources.

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What is the main benefit of CaaS?

CaaS can help companies avoid potential fines and legal issues by ensuring they comply with relevant regulations.

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What are the compliance challenges in cloud computing?

Cloud computing poses unique compliance challenges due to the complexities of data storage and processing across different jurisdictions.

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How does CaaS help with risk management?

CaaS helps organizations identify and address specific compliance risks, ensuring they take necessary steps to protect sensitive data and comply with regulations.

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Study Notes

Cloud Computing & Applications (SECE4022)

  • Course instructor: Ankur N. Shah
  • Institution: P P Savani University

Unit 2: Cloud Architecture, Services, and Applications

  • Exploring the Cloud Computing Stack
  • Connecting to the Cloud
  • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
  • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
  • Software as a Service (SaaS)
  • SaaS vs. PaaS
  • Cloud Application Frameworks
  • Software as a Service
  • Cloud Deployment Models (Public, Private, Hybrid)
  • Cloud Solutions
  • Cloud Ecosystem
  • Service Management
  • Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
  • Compliance as a Service (CaaS)

Exploring the Cloud Computing Stack

  • The cloud computing stack is a framework categorizing cloud services by resource type.
  • The three primary layers are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS).

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

  • Also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS).

  • Customers outsource IT infrastructure (servers, networking, processing, storage, VMs).

  • Resources accessed over the internet on a pay-as-per-use model.

  • Provided in three models: public, private, and hybrid.

  • Private cloud infrastructure resides at the customer's premise.

  • Public cloud infrastructure is located at a cloud vendor's data center.

  • Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private cloud.

  • laaS provider services include compute (virtual CPUs and memory), storage (for files), and networking (components like routers, switches, bridges for VMs) along with load balancers.

  • Advantages:

    • Shared infrastructure
    • Web access to resources
    • Pay-as-per-use model
    • Focus on core business
    • On-demand scalability
  • Disadvantages:

    • Security issues
    • Maintenance & Upgrade
    • Interoperability issues

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

  • Provides a runtime environment for programmers to build, test, run, and deploy web applications.
  • Users purchase applications from a cloud provider on a pay-as-per-use basis and access via the internet.
  • PaaS manages back-end scalability.
  • Examples: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure.
  • Advantages:
    • Simplified development
    • Lower risk
    • Instant community
    • Scalability
  • Disadvantages:
    • Vendor lock-in
    • Data privacy issues
    • Integration issues

Software as a Service (SaaS)

  • Also known as On-Demand Software.
  • Software distribution model with services hosted by a cloud service provider.
  • End-users access services over the internet without installing software on their devices.
  • Advantages:
    • Easy to buy (monthly/annual fee)
    • One-to-many model (single instance shared by multiple users)
    • Low hardware requirements
    • Low maintenance
    • Multidevice support
    • API Integration
    • No client-side installation
  • Disadvantages:
    • Security issues
    • Latency issues
    • Total dependency on internet
    • Switching between vendors difficult

Cloud Service Management (CSM)

  • CSM is the process of managing cloud services, products, and resources.
  • Controls and maintains cloud environments (public, private, hybrid, community, multicloud).
  • Components:
    • System backup
    • Security procedure
    • Monitoring capability
    • Scaling ability
    • Monitoring audit log
    • Moving workload
    • Testing and validation
    • Solving user queries

Need of Cloud Service Management

  • Huge organizations prefer Cloud for primary data storage.
  • Downtime or errors in cloud services can cause loss and inconvenience.
  • Cloud Service Management (CSM) ensures proper handling and maintenance of cloud services.
  • CSM professionals address any issues that arise.

Identity as a Service (IDaaS)

  • Companies increasingly use remote and hybrid work models.
  • IDaaS is a system for managing and authenticating user access to resources in a cloud-based, centralized environment, addressing potential security concerns.
  • Benefits include multi-factor authentication, single sign-on, and universal directory services.

Compliance as a Service (CaaS)

  • CaaS is a cloud service that helps organizations meet regulatory compliance requirements.
  • It details how a managed service provider (MSP) assists in meeting regulatory requirements for cloud services.
  • Compliance issues arise due to varying laws across regions with cloud use, necessitating specialized expertise.
  • CaaS services offer compliance monitoring, testing, risk assessment, audits, and reporting to fulfill regulatory needs within the changing cloud environments.

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