Cloud Compute Services Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the four types of compute services? (Select all that apply)

  • Platform as a Service (correct)
  • Infrastructure as a Service (correct)
  • Software as a Service (correct)
  • On-Premises (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a type of virtual machine instance family?

  • t3
  • f2 (correct)
  • m5
  • c5n

Virtual machines in the cloud are run in data centers worldwide and connected through a fiber network.

True (A)

What is the purpose of 'HighCPU' or 'Highmem' machine types?

<p>They fulfill special computational needs that demand higher CPU or memory capacities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended range for memory provision per virtual CPU?

<p>0.9 GB/vCPU to 6.5GB/vCPU (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instance types are specifically optimized for memory-intensive operations?

<p>R5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of using a local SSD for storage on a virtual machine?

<p>High IOPS and low latency, suitable for temporary storage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Persistent disks in the cloud can be attached to multiple virtual machines simultaneously.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cloud provider's network interface used for?

<p>Connecting a virtual machine to a virtual private cloud (VPC) network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of metadata associated with a cloud instance?

<p>Meta data and user data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pre-emptible virtual machines are designed for short-term, cost-effective workloads.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a pre-emptible virtual machine?

<p>They offer enhanced security controls and protection against unauthorized access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shielded virtual machines include a virtual Trusted Platform Module (vTPM) for enhanced security.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an instance group in cloud computing?

<p>Grouping identical virtual machines to be managed as a single unit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of instance groups?

<p>Managed and Unmanaged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Auto-scaling groups are designed to automatically adjust the number of instances based on predefined scaling policies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Virtual machines are not suitable for running containerized applications.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a micro-service engine compared to virtual machines?

<p>They provide a more cost-effective solution with lower management overhead. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Micro-service engines typically use only one programming language.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of serverless computing?

<p>It allows you to run code without provisioning or managing servers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serverless functions can run indefinitely, making them ideal for long-running tasks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using containers for application deployment?

<p>They provide a portable and lightweight packaging mechanism for applications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Docker is a popular container runtime environment that requires a daemon to run.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Kubernetes?

<p>Orchestrating and managing containerized applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of Kubernetes?

<p>Control plane and worker nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kubelet is responsible for managing individual containers within a Pod.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Service in Kubernetes?

<p>Providing a stable API endpoint for external access to applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ReplicaSet controller dynamically adjusts the number of Pods running for a deployment based on the desired state.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a ReplicaSet and a StatefulSet in Kubernetes?

<p>ReplicaSets focus on managing stateless applications, while StatefulSets manage stateful applications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Ingress in a Kubernetes cluster?

<p>Controlling external access to services running in the cluster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kubernetes requires an Ingress controller to be installed in each worker node for proper functioning.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a container registry in containerized deployments?

<p>To store and distribute container images. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of deploying a containerized web application involves building a Docker image, uploading it to a registry, and then deploying it to a Kubernetes cluster.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an API server in Kubernetes?

<p>To provide a central interface for accessing and managing Kubernetes resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The etcd database is a key-value store that holds crucial information about the Kubernetes cluster and its components.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Kubernetes, what is a Pod?

<p>A group of related containers running on a single worker node. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Compute Services

Different ways to run applications in the cloud, such as virtual machines, micro-services, serverless functions, and managed container clusters.

Virtual Machine (VM)

A software emulation of a physical computer, running on a cloud provider's servers.

Micro-service Engine

A Platform as a Service (PaaS) offering for deploying and managing micro-service applications.

Serverless Engine

A service that automatically manages the compute resources needed to run code triggered by events or events.

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Managed Container Clusters (Kubernetes)

A fully managed platform for orchestrating and managing containerized applications.

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Instance

A virtual machine in a cloud environment.

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vCPU

A virtual central processing unit.

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Local SSD

Solid-state drive directly attached to the instance.

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Persistent Disk

Storage attached to a virtual machine that persists even after the VM is deleted.

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Meta Data

Information about the running instance, such as its IP address and hostname.

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Pre-emptible VM

A cheaper VM that can be terminated at any time, with short notice.

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Shielded VM

A VM with enhanced security features like secure boot and virtual TPM.

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Instance Group

A collection of VMs managed as a single unit, often supporting auto-scaling and other operations.

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Load Balancer

Distributes traffic across multiple instances.

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Pods

The smallest unit of deployment in Kubernetes, containing one or more related containers.

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Services

Abstraction of a stable API endpoint with a stable IP address, for other services to interact with the pods.

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Deployment

A Kubernetes object that defines how many copies of an application container should run.

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ReplicaSets

Kubernetes components that ensure a specific number of pods are always running.

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StatefulSets

Kubernetes objects managing stateful applications, ensuring pod consistency.

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Persistent Volumes

Storage that survives pod restarts and redeployments.

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Ingress

Kubernetes component controlling external access to services within the cluster.

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User Data

Custom scripts executed when an instance starts.

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Study Notes

Compute Services in the Cloud

  • Compute services encompass various types of virtualized computing resources accessible through cloud platforms
  • Different service models cater to diverse needs and requirements

Types of Compute Services

  • Virtual Machine (VM):

    • Emulates a physical server on a virtual environment
    • Highly customizable, allowing for adjustments to CPU, memory, and storage
    • Provides granular control over the virtual machine.
    • Multiple preconfigured machine types exist, categorized by compute or memory optimization
  • Micro-service Engine:

    • A Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering facilitating efficient deployment and management of microservices
    • Facilitates automated scaling, simplifying management in comparison to virtual machines
    • Features like auto-scaling and load balancers are inherent parts of the service.
  • Serverless Engine:

    • An execution environment where you write code without managing servers directly
    • Managed by the cloud provider, optimized for event-driven computing
    • Provides a cost-effective solution and simplifies server management tasks
  • Managed Container Clusters (Kubernetes):

    • Orchestration system for containers automating container management, including deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

Virtual Machine (Instance)

  • All components of a traditional computer virtualized
  • Support various operating systems such as Windows and Linux
  • Virtual machines run in CSPs' data centers via fiber optic networks worldwide.
  • Predefined machine types offering different compute powers, from micro to super (0.2 vCPUs to 96vCPUs)
  • Instance types, such as c5n.xlarge, come with various configuration options.
  • CPU and memory are available for selection based on requirements.

Provisioning an Instance

  • vCPU and memory selection process
  • Customization options available from the creation process
  • Cost adjustment based on creation or adjustment
  • Basic memory rules ensure appropriate range between 0.9GB/vCPU to 6.5GB/vCPU and multiples of 256MB.

Instance Types

  • Different instance types, categorized by various optimizations (general purpose, compute, memory, accelerated compute, or storage).
  • Different specifications for instances categorized by providers such as Intel or AMD
  • Varying storage capacity and I/O operations for different instances

VM Instance Use Cases

  • Useful for users requiring full control over VMs
  • Compatible with container technologies like Docker
  • Allows adding and removing storage, accommodating fluctuating storage demands
  • Ideal for applications with specific requirements and persistent state, such as databases

Elastic Compute Engine (EC2)

  • An example of a compute engine (a type of compute service)

Micro-service Engine (AWS Beanstalk, GCP AppEngine)

  • PaaS service specialized for managing and deploying microservices
  • Provides a managed environment for streamlining developer tasks

Serverless Engine (AWS Lambda, GCP Cloud Functions)

  • Enables code execution without server management
  • Event-driven execution mechanism, making it cost-effective.

Managed Container Clusters (Kubernetes)

  • Orchestrates containerized applications, automating container management
  • Automates scaling and deployment, offering a robust containerization solution

Components of Kubernetes

  • Provides components for control plane, kubelet, kubectl, Kubernetes, and kube-proxy

Important Terms for Kubernetes

  • Pods: The fundamental building blocks
  • Services: Abstraction layer for network communications
  • Deployments: Mechanisms for managing and scaling applications
  • ReplicaSets: Control the desired number of Pods running
  • StatefulSets: Manage Pods requiring persistent state
  • Persistent Volumes: Store persistent data
  • Ingress: Handles external access for services

Work chart of Kubernetes

  • Describes the interactions and communication between clients, other services, and control plane, including deployments, kubelet, and nodes

Deploy Containerized Web APP

  • Steps for deploying a web application utilizing containerization techniques.
  • Visual steps using images for deployment process, from packaging to deployment

Summary and Case study of Compute Services in Cloud

  • Summarizes different computing as-a-service models
  • Case study of a web application providing micro-service-based APIs and static content from Dress4Win

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