Cloning in Biotechnology Quiz

The primary purpose of cloning in biotechnology is to create genetically identical copies of organisms, cells, or DNA fragments.

Gene manipulation refers to the alteration of an organism's genetic material, and one method used is gene splicing.

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, enabling DNA isolation.

<p>DNA ligase connects DNA fragments by joining cohesive ends, facilitating the insertion of foreign DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vector is a molecule of DNA that carries genetic information into cells, essential for the replication and expression of inserted DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfection refers to the transfer of DNA into eukaryotic cells, often used in genetic studies and therapeutic applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining the ability to replicate DNA in a vector ensures that the introduced genetic material can be copied and expressed within the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most commonly used vectors in molecular cloning are plasmids, viruses, and artificial chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmids have a double-stranded circular DNA structure, and their primary function is to carry inserted genes along with necessary enzymes and control molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A replication origin is the specific DNA sequence where replication is initiated, allowing plasmids to replicate within the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancers are regions that increase transcription likelihood by binding activators, while promoters are DNA regions that lead to the initiation of transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reporter gene is a gene attached to a regulatory sequence of another gene, used to monitor the activity of that gene in various organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic resistance genes in plasmids ensure that only bacteria containing the plasmid survive antibiotic treatment, allowing researchers to select for plasmid-containing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral vectors are artificially constructed entities containing modified DNA or RNA that can integrate into the host genome, while plasmids are circular DNA molecules that replicate independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transcription terminator marks the end of a gene or operon, indicating where RNA synthesis stops during transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation initiation in bacteria involves the interaction of the mRNA with the ribosomal small subunit to start protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers