Clinical Trials Overview

A type of clinical trial where participants receive different treatments in a specific order. This is useful for conditions with short-term and reversible effects.

A type of clinical trial where participants are randomly assigned to different treatment groups and stay in their assigned group throughout the study. This is useful for conditions with long-term or irreversible effects.

A study design that investigates two or more interventions simultaneously. Participants are randomly assigned to combinations of treatments. It allows researchers to assess interactions between interventions.

A type of clinical trial where participants initially receive treatment and then are randomly assigned to either continue with treatment or switch to a placebo. This helps assess if the treatment is necessary.

A series of steps in drug development, each phase focuses on different research questions and helps researchers understand a drug's safety and effectiveness

Categorizing clinical trial designs based on how treatments are allocated to participants, creating different types of trial structures.

A research study conducted in humans to determine a drug's safety, effectiveness, and optimum dosage

Each step in the clinical trial process focuses on answering different questions regarding a drug's safety and effectiveness. These steps are numbered, like a ladder, and each one is important

Factorial designs can be more challenging to manage and analyze due to multiple treatment levels and combinations.

Matching participants to control and treatment groups becomes more difficult with factorial designs.

Combining incompatible treatments in a single factorial design can be difficult or impossible.

A control group allows researchers to compare outcomes between those who receive the treatment and those who don't, providing a baseline for comparison.

Researchers aim to ensure the control and treatment groups are similar in all aspects except the treatment itself.

A placebo is an inactive substance used to mimic the treatment, helping to understand the psychological effect of treatment.

This technique uses two placebos when one treatment is administered via injection and the other orally, ensuring both groups receive a similar experience.

Faking a surgical procedure without the therapeutic step. It raises ethical concerns due to risks and potential harm to control patients.

A control group where participants receive a placebo or an inactive substance. This is used to compare the effects of the experimental treatment with the effects of receiving nothing.

A control group where participants receive a treatment already known to be effective. This is used to compare the new treatment's effectiveness to a known standard treatment.

A control group where participants receive the vehicle (carrier) of the experimental drug without the active drug. This is used when testing topical creams or solutions.

A control group where participants do not receive any treatment. This is used when it's difficult or impossible to blind the participants to the treatment.

A type of control where participants receive different doses of the experimental drug, allowing researchers to determine the optimal dose.

A control group used in studies where the data from a previous study or group is used as a comparison point.

A control group that is separate from the main study population and receives a different treatment or no treatment.

Using multiple control groups in a single study to provide a comprehensive comparison of the experimental treatment.