Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of an experimental study?
What is the primary goal of an experimental study?
Which type of study is used to estimate the proportion of children with diarrhea?
Which type of study is used to estimate the proportion of children with diarrhea?
In a longitudinal study, what is measured?
In a longitudinal study, what is measured?
What is the primary focus of a case-control study?
What is the primary focus of a case-control study?
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What is the purpose of a retrospective study?
What is the purpose of a retrospective study?
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Which type of study is also known as a clinical trial?
Which type of study is also known as a clinical trial?
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What is the main difference between a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study?
What is the main difference between a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study?
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Which type of study is used to describe patterns of change and establish causal relationships?
Which type of study is used to describe patterns of change and establish causal relationships?
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What is the main purpose of a descriptive study?
What is the main purpose of a descriptive study?
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What type of study is used to examine the relationship between variables?
What type of study is used to examine the relationship between variables?
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What is the main purpose of an experimental study?
What is the main purpose of an experimental study?
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What type of study is used to study a group of individuals over a long period of time?
What type of study is used to study a group of individuals over a long period of time?
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What type of study is used to study a group of individuals at a single point in time?
What type of study is used to study a group of individuals at a single point in time?
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What is the purpose of defining the main purpose of a study?
What is the purpose of defining the main purpose of a study?
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What is important to consider when selecting a study design?
What is important to consider when selecting a study design?
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What is the benefit of a literature review in research?
What is the benefit of a literature review in research?
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What is the purpose of a control group in a study?
What is the purpose of a control group in a study?
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Which type of study involves studying a group of individuals with some common features over time?
Which type of study involves studying a group of individuals with some common features over time?
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What is the main challenge in matching individuals in a control group to those in a case group?
What is the main challenge in matching individuals in a control group to those in a case group?
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What is the focus of a case-control study?
What is the focus of a case-control study?
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Which type of study is used to study a group of individuals who are born in the same year?
Which type of study is used to study a group of individuals who are born in the same year?
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What is the term for matching individuals in a control group to those in a case group?
What is the term for matching individuals in a control group to those in a case group?
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Study Notes
Clinical Trials and Study Types
- Clinical trials involve studying the best treatment regimens and are allowed even if there is an expected harmful effect.
- Example: finding whether survival time of cancer breast females who receive radiotherapy first then surgery is longer than surgery treatment alone.
Types of Study Designs
- Cross-sectional study: single time recording of events, e.g., studying the proportion of children with diarrhea.
- Longitudinal studies: follow the same sample over time, making repeated observations, e.g., tracking changes in a group of people over time.
- Retrospective study: studying possible factors in the past related to the present state, e.g., relating diabetes mellitus to past consumption of fatty diets.
Group of Study
- Case-control: collecting data for two groups, cases (group of concern) and control (comparable group), e.g., studying the relationship between specific behaviors and disease.
- Cohort: studying a group of individuals with some common features, e.g., studying goitre among a group living away from the sea.
Literature Review
- Researchers should consider relevant background information, what information is needed, and how it will be used in decision-making.
- Literature review involves studying academic journals, conference and government reports, and library resources.
Making Hypothesis
- Hypothesis development is a technical process that depends on the researcher's experience.
- Hypothesis narrows down the research area and keeps the researcher on the right path.
Research Design
- Research design is prepared after formulating the problem and creating a hypothesis.
- It involves drawing the conceptual structure of the problem and may involve different types of research designs.
Study Aims
- Descriptive study: explores a situation and describes it, e.g., estimating disease prevalence or describing symptoms.
- Analytical study: examines how or why certain phenomena are present, e.g., studying why Japanese women have lower prevalence of cancer breast.
- Experimental study: involves intervention and is used to study the effect of a specific intervention, e.g., extending outpatient service time to improve service quality.
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Description
This quiz assesses understanding of clinical trials, research methodology, and study design. It covers topics such as interventions, treatment regimens, and data collection.
