Clinical Trials and Patient Safety
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of treating 1000 patients with ramipril for 4 years?

  • It prevents about 150 events in around 70 patients (correct)
  • It prevents about 100 events in around 35 patients
  • It prevents about 50 events in around 25 patients
  • It prevents about 200 events in around 100 patients
  • What is a disadvantage of using composite end points?

  • It leads to misattribution of statistically beneficial effects to each component end point (correct)
  • It increases the sample size and cost
  • It makes interpretation of results easier
  • It is not useful in clinical trials
  • Why do investigators use composite end points in clinical trials?

  • To avoid reporting individual end points
  • To decrease the sample size and cost (correct)
  • To increase the sample size and cost
  • To make interpretation of results more difficult
  • What is a potential problem when component end points move in opposite directions?

    <p>The composite end point should be abandoned without drawing valid conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a surrogate end point?

    <p>A laboratory measurement or physical sign that substitutes for how a patient feels, functions, or survives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should results for each individual end point be reported?

    <p>To allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the trial's outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of composite end points?

    <p>It is difficult to interpret them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using composite end points in terms of sample size?

    <p>It decreases the sample size and cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might investigators be interested in multiple outcomes?

    <p>Because they want to understand the broad effects of a treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the problem with 'averaging' the overall effect of composite end points?

    <p>It can lead to misleading conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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