Questions and Answers
According to the Interpersonal Development Model (IDM), at what level is the Supervisee described as much more stable in their professional development?
In the Discrimination Model, there are 3 foci: Conceptualization, Intervention/process of counseling, and 4th professional issue.
True
What are the 3 over-riding structures of development in the IDM?
Self-other awareness, Motivation, Autonomy
Group supervision offers opportunities that offset the lack of individual attention that is the cornerstone of individual ____________.
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What is clinical supervision?
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What are the primary responsibilities/roles associated with clinical supervision?
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What are the major focus areas of supportive supervision?
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Which of the following are components of the Behavioral Model of clinical supervision?
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The Developmental Models of clinical supervision focus on supervisee's growth over time as a developmental process.
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What are some positives of using transcripts for supervision?
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What are some negatives of using transcripts for supervision?
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What is a benefit of providing written feedback for supervision?
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What is routine outcome measurement in supervision?
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What are some examples of technology-assisted distance supervision methods?
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What are the different styles of group supervision mentioned?
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What are some considerations mentioned for structuring group supervision?
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Study Notes
Clinical Supervision
- Clinical supervision is a distinct professional activity that involves a more senior member of a profession providing evaluative and hierarchical guidance to a more junior colleague.
- It is a collaborative interpersonal process aimed at developing science-informed practice and enhancing professional functioning.
Primary Responsibilities/Roles
- Training: skill development, teaching, and modeling
- Counseling: conceptualization, intervention, and self-awareness
- Consultation: discussing concerns, reflecting, and internalizing
- Evaluation: ensuring the supervisee is internalizing client care and safety
Types of Supervision
- Administrative: ensuring work is performed consistently with agency policies
- Supportive: decreasing job-related stress and enhancing work performance
- Educational/Clinical: teaching skills while developing self-awareness
Cubic Model of Clinical Supervision
- Parameters of supervision: relationship processes, individual differences, supervision models, ethical and legal considerations, and evaluation
- Supervisor tasks: live supervision, group supervision, individual supervision, and organizational supervision
- Supervisee developmental level: novice to expert
Clinical Skills
- Individual, group counseling, and communication skills
- Micro skills in counseling, conceptualization, and assessment
- Knowledge and application of ethical guidelines and standards
- Understanding of interactions among systems and presenting problems
Supervision Skills
- Knowledge of role and functions of clinical supervisors
- Models, methods, and techniques of clinical supervision
- Understanding the importance of the supervisory relationship and facilitation
- Role of systems, cultural issues, and environmental factors
- Legal and ethical issues unique to clinical supervision
Effective Behaviors for Clinical Supervisors
- Clarify expectations and style of supervision
- Maintain consistent and appropriate boundaries
- Be knowledgeable about theories and current research
- Teach practical skills and case conceptualization
- Provide frequent scheduled supervision
- Be accessible and available
- Encourage exploration of new ideas and techniques
- Foster autonomy
- Model appropriate ethical behaviors and counseling skills
Clinical Supervision Models
- Psychotherapy models: many techniques used in therapy are used in supervision
- Behavioral model: focuses on teaching appropriate counseling skills and assisting in extinguishing inappropriate behaviors
- Developmental models: focus on supervisee's change over time as a developmental process
- Interpersonal Development Model (IDM): focuses on supervisee development in three levels: beginning, intermediate, and advanced
Group Supervision
- Definition: regular meetings of a group of supervisees with a designated supervisor to monitor work quality and further understanding of clients and service delivery
- Offers opportunities that offset the lack of individual attention that is the cornerstone of individual supervision
Process and Ingredients of Clinical Supervision
- Foundational tasks for site clinical supervision: initial communication, interview, orientation, on-going tasks, and communication
- Clinical supervision process and tasks: the supervision contract, agency conformity, and actions to best practices of supervision### Transcripts
- Especially helpful for novices (Arthur and Gfoerer, 2002)
- Positives:
- Concrete
- Able to review whole session
- Negatives:
- Time consuming
- Nonverbal cues and paralanguage lost
- Mistakes can be glaring
- Overly focused on content rather than development
- Intermittent or abbreviated use seems most practical
Written Feedback
- Allows for more careful consideration of feedback
- Can review recordings and provide written feedback outside of supervisory session
- Leaves a “paper trail” or record of supervision
- Can be tailored to fit learning needs, using the Discrimination Model:
- Teacher
- Counselor
- Consultant
Routine Outcome Measurement
- Records of session-by-session of client clinical measures
- Client-completed short outcome indicators
- Software graphs client progress
- Use of client progress to highlight progress and setback for targeted supervision
- Evidence-based methods to bring out supervisee’s blind spot
- Many web-based software available for use
Technology Assisted Distance Supervision (TADS)/Live Supervision
- Also known as e-supervision (Duding and Justice, 2004) and cyber-supervision (Chapman et al., 2011)
- Similar outcomes as face-to-face supervision, yet less “intrusive” for supervisees
- No difference between synchronous and asynchronous experiences
- Methods include:
- Phone in/walk in consultation break
- Videoconferencing
- Ear Bug (although has been shown to be intrusive)
Group Supervision
- Styles include:
- Authoritative: supervision in the group rather than with the group
- Participative: encourages active participation of group
- Cooperative: the group provides supervision; supervisor facilitates
- Structuring group supervision is important, including:
- Setting goals and purpose for the group
- Establishing expectations and roles for supervisor and supervisees
- Ensuring safety and setting rules
- Identifying potential areas of conflict
- Determining how to resolve problems
- Evaluation
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Description
Learn about the role of clinical supervision in developing science-informed practice and enhancing professional functioning through evaluative guidance and collaborative interpersonal process.
