W1-Clinical Pharmacology Fundamentals

Which type of antibiotics act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis?

What is the main component of fungal membrane targeted by antifungal agents?

In which cells is cholesterol found as a component of the membrane?

What is the fraction of drug that reaches the systemic circulation known as?

Which route of administration is most commonly used and convenient?

Which route of administration offers 100% bioavailability?

Which route of administration is suitable for drugs with low oral bioavailability and should not cause irritation?

Which route of administration allows for systemic absorption through the skin?

Which type of receptors can be ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, kinase-linked receptors, or nuclear receptors?

Which enzyme is involved in the production of prostaglandins and plays roles in physiological and inflammatory processes?

Which drug is a selective ß2 agonist used in asthma management?

Which type of drugs are the most commonly used class of drugs to manage inflammation?

Which molecule can be stimulated to cause cellular effects following receptor binding?

Pharmacology and Drug Action

Drugs can be absorbed rapidly and completely from the lungs, either for systemic or local effects.
Drugs work by acting on target proteins, receptors, enzymes, ion channels, or carrier molecules.
Receptors can be ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, kinase-linked receptors, or nuclear receptors.
Receptors serve as molecular targets for drugs, and drugs can act as agonists or antagonists to produce or inhibit a response.
Histamine, a key example, mediates various physiological responses and can be blocked by antagonists in specific receptor types.
Second messengers, like G-proteins, can be stimulated to cause cellular effects following receptor binding.
Adrenergic receptors, when stimulated, lead to various physiological responses such as vasoconstriction or bronchodilation.
Salbutamol is a selective ß2 agonist used in asthma management, while non-selective ß-blockers like propranolol can have broader effects.
Drugs can act on target proteins, receptors, enzymes, ion channels, or carrier molecules to exert their effects.
COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes are involved in the production of prostaglandins and play roles in physiological and inflammatory processes.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly used class of drugs to manage inflammation, but they can have adverse effects.
Medications can have side effects, cautions, and contraindications, and information about drugs is available in references like the BNF.

Test your knowledge of fundamental concepts in clinical pharmacology including drug effects, routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Learn about drug actions as antagonists, blockers, inhibitors, or agonists.